States of Matter

Question 1

what is the particle arrangement for a solid?

Answer 1

regular arrangement: tightly packed

Question 2

describe the particle arrangement in a solid.

Answer 2

touching each other

Question 3

describe a solid’s motion.

Answer 3

vibrate in fixed positions

Question 4

how much kinetic energy does a solid have?

Answer 4

the least amount of kinetic energy compared to liquids and gases

Question 5

what is the shape of a solid?

Answer 5

definite (fixed) shape

Question 6

describe the volume of a solid.

Answer 6

definite volume

Question 7

what is the compressibility of a solid?

Answer 7

nearly incompressible

Question 8

is there space between particles in a solid?

Answer 8

there is very little space between particles in a solid - the particles are touching with very little space between them

Question 9

describe the attraction between particles in a solid.

Answer 9

strongest attraction between particles compared to a liquid or a gas.

Question 10

describe the particle arrangement of a liquid.

Answer 10

random: loosely packed

Question 11

describe the particle separation in a liquid.

Answer 11

touching each other

Question 12

describe a liquid’s motion.

Answer 12

particles slide past each other

Question 13

how much kinetic energy does a liquid have?

Answer 13

more kinetic energy than solids, less than gases

Question 14

describe the shape of a liquid.

Answer 14

takes the shape of its container

Question 15

describe the volume of a liquid.

Answer 15

definite volume

Question 16

what is the compressibility of a liquid?

Answer 16

almost incompressible as the volume does not change with force.

Question 17

how much space between particles is there in a liquid?

Answer 17

particles in a liquid are usually still touching, but there is some space between them

Question 18

describe the attraction between particles in a liquid.

Answer 18

weaker attraction between particles compared to solids but still stronger than a gas’

Question 19

how are particles arranged in a gas?

Answer 19

random: particles are far apart

Question 20

describe particle separation in a gas.

Answer 20

not touching each other

Question 21

describe a gas’ motion.

Answer 21

moving freely and fast

Question 22

how much kinetic energy does a gas have?

Answer 22

the most kinetic energy compared to both liquids and solids

Question 23

describe the shape of a gas.

Answer 23

no definite shape

Question 24

what is the compressibility of a gas?

Answer 24

easily compressed due to large space between particles and weak attraction between particles

Question 25

is there **space between particles** in a gas?

Answer 25

yes, mainly empty space due to particles being far apart and randomly arranged

Question 26

how strong is **attraction between particles** in a gas?

Answer 26

weakest attraction between particles compared to both liquids and solids

Question 27

what are the 5 changes of state?

Answer 27

* melting * boiling * freezing * condensation * sublimation

Question 28

what happens when a solid melts?

Answer 28

it is heated and: * particles gain more kinetic energy and start to vibrate faster * the lattice structure is broken and attraction between particles becomes weaker * arrangement changes from regular to random * there is more space between particles * particles start to slide past each other

Question 29

what happens when a liquid boils?

Answer 29

* it is heated so particles gain kinetic energy * attractions between particles are broken and particles escape to the atmosphere * particles move faster and there is more space between particles * there are weaker attractions between particles

Question 30

what happens when a gas goes through condensation?

Answer 30

* the gas is cooled and particles lose kinetic energy * particles move closer to eaach other and come together * particles move slower and slide past each other * space between particles decreases

Question 31

what happens when a liquid is frozen?

Answer 31

* it is cooled so particles lose kinetic energy * particles move closer and become arranged into a lattice structure * particle arrangement changes from random arrangement to regular arrangement * space between particles decreases * particles stop moving freely and start to vibrate in fixed positions

Question 32

what happens in sublimation?

Question 33

what is a melting point?

Answer 33

the temperature at which the solid becomes a liquid

Question 34

what is a boiling point?

Answer 34

the temperature at which the liquid becomes a gas

Question 35

*boiling* vs **evaporation**

Answer 35

* *boiling creates bubbles.* **bubbles are not created by evaporation**. * *boiling happens only at a specific temperature.* **evaporation happens at any temperature**. * *boiling happens all throughout the liquid*. **evaporation happens only on the surface of the liquid**.

Question 36

what is diffusion?

Answer 36

the movement of particles along a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to the random movement of particles.

Question 37

factors affecting the rate of diffusion are:

Answer 37

* Mr (relative molecular mass). the higher the Mr, the lower the rate of diffusion. * temperature. when the temperature is high the rate of diffusion is also high.

Question 38

how does pressure affect a gas' volume?

Answer 38

in low pressure, a gas has a high volume. in high pressure, a gas has a low volume.

Question 39

how does temperature affect volume of a gas?

Answer 39

the higher the temperature, the higher the volume.

Question 40

what creates pressure in gases?

Answer 40

* particles colliding with each other * particles colliding against the walls of their container