States of matter Flashcards
(25 cards)
In which state are the molecules furthest apart?
Gas
In which state do the molecules have the most kinetic energy?
Gas
In which state do the molecules fit the shape/mould of the container
Liquids
In which state(s) have random arrangements?
Gases and Liquids
What particle arrangements do solids have?
A fixed, regular lattice stucture
In which state do molecules vibrate on the spot?
Solids
How are solids held together?
Strong forces of attraction cause particles to vibrate about their position
What does increasing the temperature do to a solid?
The particles gain more kinetic energy so vibrate more quickly and eventually melt (changing state)
Why do liquids not stay in a fixed position?
The intermolecular forces between molecules are too weak
Because particles can move randomly, what does this allow liquids to do?
Flow
How are gases arranged?
Constant random motion with very weak forces
Change of state from SOLID to LIQUID
Melting
Change of state from LIQUID to GAS
Evaporation/Boiling
Change of state from GAS to LIQUID
Condensation
Change of state from LIQUID to SOLID
Freezing
Change of state from SOLID to GAS
Sublimation
Change of state from GAS to SOLID
Desublimation
What type of change is changing state?
Physical
What stays the same when particles change state?
Total mass
What is different when particles change state?
The arrangement of particles
As changing state is physical, what can happen?
The process can be reversed
How does evaporation happen?
- Particles are always moving and bumping into each other
- Sometimes they gain enough energy to lave the surface as a gas
How can you increase the rate of evaporation?
- Increase surface area of the liquid
- Increase the temperature of the liquid
- Create a flow of air across the liquid’s surface
How does condensation happen?
- The water molecules that are in the air can hit a cool surface, cool down and stay there
- This causes a change of state from gas to liquid
