States of Matter Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
How do you describe the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Fixed, regular arrangement and very close together
How do you describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid?
Random arrangement, though moderately close together (some are touching)
How do you describe the arrangement of particles in a gas?
Random arrangement and spread out from eachother
Gaseous is the only state of matter which can be compressed as it is the only one with sufficient space between particles
How do you describe the movement of particles in a solid?
They do not move, only vibrate around a fixed position
How do you describe the movement of particles in a liquid?
They move around eachother
How do you describe the movement of particles in a gas?
Fast, random and in all directions
How do you describe the energy in a solid?
Least energy
How do you describe the energy in a liquid?
More than in a solid, less than in a gas
How do you describe the energy in a gas?
Most energy
What is it called when liquids become gas?
- Boiling - Occurs at the boiling point, affects the whole liquid, happens quickly
- Evaporation - Occurs throughout a range of temperatures (though a higher temperature results in a faster rate of evaporation), affects only the surface of the liquid, happens very slowly
This interconversion has two types, although boiling is more important
What is it called when solids become liquids?
Melting
All of these interconversions are physical changes, which are easy to reverse and involve no chemical change. They involve the forces between the particles
What is it called when gas becomes liquid?
Condensation
What is it called when liquids become solids?
Freezing
What is it called when a solid becomes a gas?
Sublimation
What is it called when a gas becomes a solid?
Deposition
How are solid-liquid-gas interconversions achieved?
- High temperatures, specifically the melting/boiling point of a substance
- There is a discrete point where there is enough energy to break the stronger bonds of the more regular state of matter and where only the weaker bonds of the less regular state of matter can exist
How are gas-liquid-solid interconversions achieved?
- Low temperatures, specifically the freezing/condensation point of a substance
- There is a discrete point where there is a small enough amount of energy for the stronger bonds of the more regular state of matter to exist, therefore these bonds will form in place of the weaker bonds
What is the change in energy to the particles in a solid-liquid-gas interconversion?
The particles gain kinetic energy
What is the change in energy to the particles in a gas-liquid-solid interconversion?
The particles lose kinetic energy
What is the change in arrangement to the particles in a gas-liquid-solid interconversion?
It becomes more regular and the particles move closer together
What is the change in arrangement to the particles in a solid-liquid-gas interconversion?
It becomes more random and the particles move further apart
What is the change in movement to the particles in a gas-liquid-solid interconversion?
They move around less, eventually only vibrating (when they become a solid)
What is the change in movement to the particles in a solid-liquid-gas interconversion?
They move around faster and more randomly
