States Of Matter Flashcards
(17 cards)
Ideal gas assumptions
-Inter-particle separation»_space; gas particle size
- volume of gas particles is negligible
-inter-particle forces are negligible
-all collisions are perfectly elastic
-overall gas distribution of speed and energy is constant in time
Avogadros law
Equal volumes of gases measured at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of atoms
pV/RT = number of moles
Boyles law
p1V1 = p2V2
Charles/ Gay lussac’s law
pV= α + βT
Daltons law on partial pressures
The total pressure is the sum of individual constituent pressures: p = p1 + p2 + p3…
Ionic bond
An electron is donated from one atom to another
Covalent bond
An electron or two is shared between two atoms shielding the positive proton cores from each other
Metallic bond
Electrons are smeared out across a big lump of metal
Van der Waals bonding
Everything sticks to everything, momentarily asymmetrically distributed electrons around an atom attracts other atoms
Pauli exclusion principle
Forbids any 2 electrons from occupying the same quantum state at same point in space. Leads to ‘force’ that forbids this from happening.
Primitive cells contain
One lattice point
Oblique lattice
a # b, Φ # 90°
Square lattice
a = b, Φ = 90°
Hexagonal lattice
a = b, Φ = 120
Rectangular lattice
a # b, Φ = 90°
Centred rectangular lattice
a # b, Φ = 90°
