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States of matter Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

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2
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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3
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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4
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

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5
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

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6
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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7
Q

what is the particle theory

A

-the idea that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving. The way the particles move and how close they are to each other explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

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8
Q

describe the properties of a solid

A

-strong attraction between particles —> holds them close together in a fixed position
-definite shape and volume (can not flow)
-vibrate
-compact
-low KE

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9
Q

what happens when a solid is heated

A

-particles gain more kinetic energy, they vibrate more
-weakens the force between them
-at a certain temp (melting point), particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds
-therefore melting into a liquid

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10
Q

example of melting

A

ice to water

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11
Q

example of freezing

A

water to ice

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12
Q

example of sublimation

A

dry ice to gas

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13
Q

example of deposition

A

water vapor to frost

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14
Q

example of condensation

A

steam to water

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15
Q

example of evaporation

A

water to steam

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16
Q

properties of a liquid

A

-weaker forces of attraction —> free to move
-compact
-definite volume
-shape can change
-flows to fit container
-touching, random (less orderly)
-medium kinetic energy
-more movement than solids

17
Q

what happens when a liquid is heated

A

-particles gain more energy
-move faster
-weakens forces
-reaches boiling point —> enough energy to break the bonds
-boils/evaporates into gas

18
Q

properties of a gas

A

-forces of attraction are very weak
-dont keep a definite volume or shape
-flows –> always fills a container
-constantly moving in random motions
-moves in straight lines, any direction
-not touching, spaced out
-moves around quick
-high KE

19
Q

what happens when a gas is heated

A

-particles gain energy
-IF the container can expand, it will expand (e.g. balloon)
-If the container is fixed, pressure will increase

20
Q

what happens when a gas is cooled

A

-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction —> bonds will start to form
-condenses to liquid

21
Q

what happens when liquid is cooled

A

-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome attraction —> even more bonds form
-fixing the particles in place
-freezes to a solid

22
Q

Which theory attempts to explain the three states of matter?

A

particle (kinetic) theory

23
Q

The particle model (sometimes also called the kinetic model) has 3 main assumptions.

These are that the particles are:

A

small, inelastic, spheres

24
Q

In a closed system, changes in state won’t change the mass at all.

Why is this the case?

A

number of particles remain the same

25
what is meant by physical property
a substance that can be observed or measured
26
Explain why hot water evaporates more quickly than cold water.
hot water molecules have more energy to break the intermolecular forces between water molecules
27
What needs to happen for a substance to change state?
-change in temp -energy needs to be transferred