States of matter

Question 1

solid to liquid

Answer 1

melting

Question 2

liquid to solid

Answer 2

freezing

Question 3

solid to gas

Answer 3

sublimation

Question 4

liquid to gas

Answer 4

evaporation

Question 5

gas to liquid

Answer 5

condensation

Question 6

gas to solid

Answer 6

deposition

Question 7

what is the particle theory

Answer 7

-the idea that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving. The way the particles move and how close they are to each other explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

Question 8

describe the properties of a solid

Answer 8

-strong attraction between particles —> holds them close together in a fixed position
-definite shape and volume (can not flow)
-vibrate
-compact
-low KE

Question 9

what happens when a solid is heated

Answer 9

-particles gain more kinetic energy, they vibrate more
-weakens the force between them
-at a certain temp (melting point), particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds
-therefore melting into a liquid

Question 10

example of melting

Answer 10

ice to water

Question 11

example of freezing

Answer 11

water to ice

Question 12

example of sublimation

Answer 12

dry ice to gas

Question 13

example of deposition

Answer 13

water vapor to frost

Question 14

example of condensation

Answer 14

steam to water

Question 15

example of evaporation

Answer 15

water to steam

Question 16

properties of a liquid

Answer 16

-weaker forces of attraction —> free to move
-compact
-definite volume
-shape can change
-flows to fit container
-touching, random (less orderly)
-medium kinetic energy
-more movement than solids

Question 17

what happens when a liquid is heated

Answer 17

-particles gain more energy
-move faster
-weakens forces
-reaches boiling point —> enough energy to break the bonds
-boils/evaporates into gas

Question 18

properties of a gas

Answer 18

-forces of attraction are very weak
-dont keep a definite volume or shape
-flows –> always fills a container
-constantly moving in random motions
-moves in straight lines, any direction
-not touching, spaced out
-moves around quick
-high KE

Question 19

what happens when a gas is heated

Answer 19

-particles gain energy
-IF the container can expand, it will expand (e.g. balloon)
-If the container is fixed, pressure will increase

Question 20

what happens when a gas is cooled

Answer 20

-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction —> bonds will start to form
-condenses to liquid

Question 21

what happens when liquid is cooled

Answer 21

-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome attraction —> even more bonds form
-fixing the particles in place
-freezes to a solid

Question 22

Which theory attempts to explain the three states of matter?

Answer 22

particle (kinetic) theory

Question 23

The particle model (sometimes also called the kinetic model) has 3 main assumptions.

These are that the particles are:

Answer 23

small, inelastic, spheres

Question 24

In a closed system, changes in state won’t change the mass at all.

Why is this the case?

Answer 24

number of particles remain the same

Question 25

what is meant by physical property

Answer 25

a substance that can be observed or measured

Question 26

Explain why hot water evaporates more quickly than cold water.

Answer 26

hot water molecules have more energy to break the intermolecular forces between water molecules

Question 27

What needs to happen for a substance to change state?

Answer 27

-change in temp -energy needs to be transferred