States of matter Flashcards
(27 cards)
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
solid to gas
sublimation
liquid to gas
evaporation
gas to liquid
condensation
gas to solid
deposition
what is the particle theory
-the idea that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving. The way the particles move and how close they are to each other explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
describe the properties of a solid
-strong attraction between particles —> holds them close together in a fixed position
-definite shape and volume (can not flow)
-vibrate
-compact
-low KE
what happens when a solid is heated
-particles gain more kinetic energy, they vibrate more
-weakens the force between them
-at a certain temp (melting point), particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds
-therefore melting into a liquid
example of melting
ice to water
example of freezing
water to ice
example of sublimation
dry ice to gas
example of deposition
water vapor to frost
example of condensation
steam to water
example of evaporation
water to steam
properties of a liquid
-weaker forces of attraction —> free to move
-compact
-definite volume
-shape can change
-flows to fit container
-touching, random (less orderly)
-medium kinetic energy
-more movement than solids
what happens when a liquid is heated
-particles gain more energy
-move faster
-weakens forces
-reaches boiling point —> enough energy to break the bonds
-boils/evaporates into gas
properties of a gas
-forces of attraction are very weak
-dont keep a definite volume or shape
-flows –> always fills a container
-constantly moving in random motions
-moves in straight lines, any direction
-not touching, spaced out
-moves around quick
-high KE
what happens when a gas is heated
-particles gain energy
-IF the container can expand, it will expand (e.g. balloon)
-If the container is fixed, pressure will increase
what happens when a gas is cooled
-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction —> bonds will start to form
-condenses to liquid
what happens when liquid is cooled
-particles won’t have enough energy to overcome attraction —> even more bonds form
-fixing the particles in place
-freezes to a solid
Which theory attempts to explain the three states of matter?
particle (kinetic) theory
The particle model (sometimes also called the kinetic model) has 3 main assumptions.
These are that the particles are:
small, inelastic, spheres
In a closed system, changes in state won’t change the mass at all.
Why is this the case?
number of particles remain the same