States of Matter and Mixtures Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas.
What are the properties of solids?
Very dense, regular pattern, vibrate around a fixed position and low energy.
What are the properties of liquids?
A bit dense, random pattern, move around each over and medium energy.
What are the properties of gases?
Sparse, random pattern, move around quickly and randomly and high energy.
Which of the following states can be compressed?
Gases and liquids. However, liquids are harder to compress. You cannot compress a solid.
What are the five ways a state of matter can change into another state of matter.
Freezing, melting, evaporating, condensing and sublimation.
What is sublimation?
Where a solid changes straight into a gas or a gas changes straight into a solid.
What is needed for something to change it’s state of matter?
Energy.
In chemistry, what is a pure substance?
A substance containing ONLY that substance.
In chemistry, what is a mixture?
A substance containing several compounds which aren’t chemically joined.
Whats the difference of the boiling and melting points of mixtures and pure substances?
The boiling and melting points of pure substances are sharp and precise. The boiling and melting points of mixtures are over a range.
What is a solvent?
A liquid in which the solute dissolves in.
What is a solution?
A mixture formed by the solute and solvent.
What is a solute?
The dissolved substance in a solution.
What is filtration?
A separating method where you separate an insoluble substance from a solvent. (e.g. Sand from water)
How does filtration work?
The filter paper has tiny holes in it, allowing certain substances to pass through.
What is crystallisation and how does it work?
A separating method where you get crystals by evaporating the solvent from the solution.
What is simple distillation and how does it work?
It’s a separating method where you separate a solvent from the solution. This is done by evaporating the solvent and then cooling it down. While it’s a gas, it will move into another container and condense into a liquid.
Why does simple distillation work?
The solvent has to have a boiling point which is much higher than the other substance.
What is fractional distillation?
A separating method where you separate multiple liquids from each other.
How does fractional distillation work?
You heat the liquids at the bottom and they rise as vapour. The liquids that you need separating condense when they reach a part of the tube that is cooler than their boiling point. It then cools into another tube and condenses.
Why does fractional distillation work?
It works because the different liquids have different boiling points.
What is chromatography?
A separating method where you separate solubles from each other. Often the solutes are coloured.
What are the two phases of chromatography?
The stationary phase and the mobile phase.
