States Of Matter (ch1)

Question 1

What is the term for a substance with no fixed shape and volume?

Answer 1

A gas has no fixed shape and volume.

Question 2

What describes a substance that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape?

Answer 2

A liquid has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container.

Question 3

What is a characteristic of solids?

Answer 3

Solids have a fixed shape and volume.

Question 4

What is meant by ‘high density’?

Answer 4

High density refers to a substance that has a lot of mass in a given volume.

Question 5

What does ‘vibrate’ refer to in terms of particle movement?

Answer 5

Vibrate refers to the rapid back-and-forth motion of particles in a solid.

Question 6

What is the term for a substance that can change shape and volume?

Answer 6

A fluid can change shape and volume.

Question 7

What does ‘packed together’ imply about particle arrangement?

Answer 7

Packed together implies that particles are closely arranged in a solid.

Question 8

What is a characteristic of gases regarding particle arrangement?

Answer 8

Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely.

Question 9

What does ‘fixed volume’ mean?

Answer 9

Fixed volume means that the substance occupies a constant amount of space.

Question 10

What is the term for a substance that has a definite shape?

Answer 10

A solid has a definite shape.

Question 11

What is sublimation?

Answer 11

The process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.

Question 12

What is desublimation?

Answer 12

The process where a gas changes directly into a solid without becoming a liquid.

Question 13

What is evaporation?

Answer 13

The process where liquid turns into gas.

Question 14

What is condensation?

Answer 14

The process where gas turns into liquid.

Question 15

What is solidification?

Answer 15

The process where a liquid turns into a solid.

Question 16

What is the change in state due to temperature?

Answer 16

A change in state occurs by gaining or losing heat energy.

Question 17

What is melting?

Answer 17

Melting is the process that converts a solid into a liquid at a specific temperature called the melting point.

Question 18

What is boiling?

Answer 18

Boiling is the process that converts a liquid into a gas at a specific temperature called the boiling point.

Question 19

What is freezing?

Answer 19

Freezing is the process that converts a liquid into a solid at a specific temperature called the freezing point.

Question 20

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 20

Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature throughout the liquid, while evaporation can occur at any temperature below the boiling point.

Question 21

What is a molecule?

Answer 21

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.

Question 22

What is a molecule made of?

Answer 22

A molecule can be made of the same element or different elements.

Question 23

What happens when atoms of the same element are chemically bonded?

Answer 23

They form a molecule of that element.

Question 24

What happens when atoms of different elements are chemically bonded?

Answer 24

They form a compound.

Question 25

What is the effect of temperature on the volume of a gas?

Answer 25

An increase in temperature results in an increase in volume. ## Footnote Particles absorb heat energy, increasing kinetic energy and causing them to move faster and spread apart.

Question 26

What is the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas?

Answer 26

An increase in pressure decreases the volume of a gas. ## Footnote With increased pressure, particles come closer together, resulting in decreased volume.

Question 27

How do particles change state?

Answer 27

Particles gain or lose heat energy. ## Footnote This change affects the attractive forces between particles, making them stronger or weaker.

Question 28

What is a pure substance?

Answer 28

A pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point.

Question 29

What happens to the boiling point of an impure substance?

Answer 29

The boiling point of an impure substance varies and does not occur at a fixed temperature.

Question 30

How does the presence of impurities affect boiling point?

Answer 30

The presence of impurities increases the boiling point and decreases the melting point.

Question 31

What is the first step in understanding changes in state?

Answer 31

Identify the solid state of the substance.

Question 32

What happens during a change in state?

Answer 32

There is no rise or fall in temperature as the change occurs.

Question 33

What does a thermometer indicate during a change in state?

Answer 33

The thermometer does not show any rise or fall in temperature.

Question 34

What is the role of heat during a change in state?

Answer 34

Heat energy is involved in the process of changing states.

Question 35

What is the significance of flat sections in a temperature graph?

Answer 35

Flat sections indicate that a change in state is taking place.

Question 36

Is this curve of a pure substance?

Answer 36

No, as there are no flat sections observed for melting point and boiling point.

Question 37

What is the first step in interpreting a heating and cooling curve?

Answer 37

Identify the substance.

Question 38

How do you identify a substance using a heating and cooling curve?

Answer 38

By recording/determining the melting point and boiling point, then comparing/matching with the known data to determine the purity of the substance.

Question 39

What is diffusion?

Answer 39

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 40

What happens to the concentration of particles during diffusion?

Answer 40

Eventually, the concentration of particles evens out as they spread out to fill the available space.

Question 41

Is diffusion faster in gases or liquids?

Answer 41

Diffusion is faster in gases than in liquids.

Question 42

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 42

The higher the temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion.

Question 43

What is the relationship between molecular mass and diffusion rate?

Answer 43

Lighter molecules diffuse faster than heavier molecules.

Question 44

What is the relationship between equal molecular mass and diffusion?

Answer 44

Gases with equal molecular mass will have equal rates of diffusion.