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Science Year 9 > States Of Matter, State Symbols And The Particle Model > Flashcards

States Of Matter, State Symbols And The Particle Model Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A

Solid, liquids, gas

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2
Q

What are the properties of a solid?

A

Particles tightly packed, high density

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3
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A

Particles close but slide past each other, moderate density

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4
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A

Particles far and move freely, low density

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5
Q

Limitations to the particle model?

A

Not all particles are spherical, model is 2d, don’t show the forces between particles, spheres appear solid.

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6
Q

What does the particle model allow us to represent?

A

The arrangement of particles within a substance

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7
Q

What are the specific temperatures at which pure substances change state called?

A

Melting point and boiling point

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8
Q

What is the melting point?

A

The point at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid or a solid to a liquid

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9
Q

What is the boiling point?

A

The point at which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a gas

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10
Q

What happens to the kinetic energy of particles when the temperature of a substance increases?

A

It increases, increasing vibrations or movement

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11
Q

What is the melting point of water?

A

0°C

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12
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100°C

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13
Q

What occurs once the temperature reaches either the boiling or melting point?

A

The substance will change state

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14
Q

What affects the energy required to change state?

A

The strength of the forces between the particles

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15
Q

What remains constant during a state change of a substance?

A

The number of particles

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16
Q

What is the mass of 0.02 kg of water when it changes to steam?

A

0.02 kg

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17
Q

When 0.02 kg of water is boiled, what does it change into?

A

0.02 kg of steam

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18
Q

What happens to particles when they evaporate from the surface of a liquid?

A

They leave the liquid with enough energy

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19
Q

Can evaporation occur without reaching the boiling point?

A

True

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20
Q

What happens to the average kinetic energy of remaining particles in a liquid when particles evaporate?

A

It decreases

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21
Q

What effect does the decrease in average kinetic energy have on the temperature of the liquid?

A

It decreases the temperature of the liquid

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22
Q

Why do some substances require more energy to change state than others?

A

Due to forces of attraction/intermolecular forces

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23
Q

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

A

Boiling is when particles are less than the boiling point. Evaporation is when surface particles can leave

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24
Q

What are pure substances only made up of?

A

One atom

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25
What are intermolecular forces?
Forces between atoms
26
What happens to the volume of substances when they change from solid to gas?
They take up significantly more space ## Footnote Gases have much lower density than solids and liquids.
27
What is the relationship between particle packing and density?
More closely packed particles result in higher density ## Footnote Density is defined as mass per unit volume.
28
What is an anomaly in the context of water?
Water's solid state (ice) is less dense than its liquid state ## Footnote This is why ice floats on water.
29
What is the formula to calculate the volume of a rectangular prism?
Volume = length x height x depth ## Footnote This formula applies to any rectangular solid.
30
What unit is used for measuring volume?
Metres cubed (m³) ## Footnote Volume is expressed in cubic units.
31
True or False: The density of a substance can be measured by the amount of mass in a certain volume.
True ## Footnote Density is a crucial property in understanding materials.
32
Fill in the blank: The density of a substance is a measure of how much _______ is in a certain volume.
mass ## Footnote Density = mass/volume.
33
What is the equation used to calculate density?
Density = mass / Volume
34
What is the unit for density?
kg/m³ or g/cm³
35
What symbol is used in Science to denote density?
ρ (rho)
36
Fill in the blank: The formula for density is _______ = mass / Volume.
Density
37
What does 'm' represent in the density equation?
mass (kg)
38
What does 'V' represent in the density equation?
Volume (m³)
39
True or False: The density of an apple with mass 84.0 g and volume 120 cm³ is 0.7 g/cm³.
True
40
What do you need to include when writing your final answer for density?
Units
41
What is needed to calculate the density of an object?
Volume and mass ## Footnote Density is defined as mass divided by volume.
42
How do we measure the mass of an object in a science lab?
Using a balance ## Footnote Mass is typically measured in grams (g).
43
What unit is commonly used for density in a science lab?
Grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) ## Footnote It's important to check the unit used for density.
44
What is a regularly shaped object?
An object with a regular 3D shape ## Footnote Examples include cubes and pyramids.
45
How can the volume of a regularly shaped object be measured?
Using a ruler and mathematical formulae ## Footnote The formula depends on the shape of the object.
46
What measuring apparatus can improve the accuracy of volume measurements?
Vernier callipers or a micrometre ## Footnote These tools provide greater resolution and accuracy.
47
What does a micrometre measure?
Small dimensions with high accuracy ## Footnote For example, it can show readings like 18.45 mm.
48
What is an irregularly shaped object?
An object that does not have a standard shape ## Footnote These objects are often more challenging to measure.
49
What is a eureka can used for?
Measuring the volume of an object that sinks in water ## Footnote It measures the volume of water displaced by the object.
50
How is the volume of water displaced measured?
Using a measuring cylinder ## Footnote This volume is equivalent to the volume of the object.
51
What do I use to measure the volume of a regularly shaped object?
Ruler or vernier callipers
52
What do I use to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object?
Eureka can or measuring cylinder
53
What do I use to measure the volume of a liquid?
Measuring cylinder
54
What is energy stored in substances in the form of?
Internal energy
55
What is internal energy?
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles that make up a system
56
Does heat cause change in the internal energy of a substance?
True
57
What does changing the temperature of a gas do?
Changes the pressure exerted by it
58
What are forms of potential energy stores?
Elastic potential energy store, gravitational potential energy store, chemical potential energy store, electric potential energy store
59
What happens when you increase the internal energy of a substance?
Increase the temperature of the substance within the same state or change states
60
What is brownish motion?
Particles in a gas are in constant random motion
61
What is the temperature of a gas in relative to?
The average kinetic energy
62
What is kinetic energy store?
The store of energy in a moving object
63
What is elastic potential energy store?
The store of energy in a stretched/distorted elastic object
64
What is Chemical potential energy store?
The store of energy found in reactants and products
65
What is gravatational potential energy store?
The store of energy in an object raised in a gravitational field
66
What is electromagnetic energy store?
The store of energy in an object in a magnetic or electrostatic field
67
What is thermal energy store?
The store of energy in a hot object

Science Year 9 (1 decks)

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