States of Matter & Thermal Energy Flashcards
(48 cards)
thermal conduction
the transfer of thermal energy that occurs when particles collide
thermal equilibrium
the state in which the rates of thermal energy transfer between 2 objects are equal and the objects are at the same temperature
heat
the transfer of thermal energy
specific heat
the amount of energy that must be added to a unit mass of material to raise it by its temp one unit
heat engine
a device that is able to continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy
entropy
measure of dispersal energy, representing the unavailability of energy
fluids
materials that can flow and have no definite shape of their own
Define plasma and explain where it is found
- Plasma is the gas like state of negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. It can be found in stars, human bodies, fluorescent light bulbs, and neon signs.
What is the Heat equation? Identify all of the units.
Q = McΔt
Q -> heat in joules
M -> mass in Kg
c-> specific heat in J/Kg K
Δt -> temp in Kelvin
What is the equation for pressure? Identify all of the units.
P = F/A
P -> pressure in pascals
F -> force in newtons
A -> area in m^2
What is the difference between heat of fusion and heat of vaporization?
The heat of fusion is the amount of heat needed to change 1g of a solid to a liquid. The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to change 1g of a liquid into vaporization.
Explain the difference between conduction, convection,
& radiation
In conduction, heat transfer occurs between objects by direct contact. In convection, the heat transfer takes place within the fluid. In radiation, heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves without involving particles.
When was the first steam engine built?
18th century
When does entropy increase?
When temperature increases, thermal energy is added, & spontaneous events
What happens to entropy in a system if thermal energy is removed?
Entropy decreases
Name three things that use an internal combustion engine
Boats, cars, and airplanes
What is the unit for heat, work, and energy
Joules
What is generated in heat engines?
mechanical energy
Which laws of thermodynamics states that in an uncontrolled system, when energy is able to disperse, the energy always spreads to a stable state?
the second law of thermodynamics
Explain in a couple sentences how entropy and the energy crisis are related.
The energy crisis is the continued use of limited resources. When using a resource you do not use up all of its energy. The lack of usable energy is a surplus of entropy.
Why does ice float?
Ice is less dense than water
Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion
Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of two different substances while cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance
Explain viscosity
A measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flow, the internal friction that slows fluid flow and dissipates mechanical energy. The result of intermolecular forces between particles within a fluid.
Unit of specific heat
J/kg x K
