States Of Matter Yr9

Question 1

What structure does a solid have?

Answer 1

Regular lattice structure (fixed position)

Question 2

What holds the particles of a solid close together?

Answer 2

Strong forces of attraction

Question 3

Solids have a …?

Answer 3

Definite shape and volume

Question 4

Particles cannot move around in a solid but can…?

Answer 4

Move around
Vibrate backwards and forwards

Question 5

What happens if you heat the particles of a solid?

Answer 5

They vibrate more which weakens the forces between them

Question 6

What happens if the temperature reaches the solid’s melting point?

Answer 6

The particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds
Solid —-> liquid

Question 7

What is the structure in a liquid?

Answer 7

Particles are close together but can move
Arranged randomly

Question 8

Forces in a liquid

Answer 8

Weak forces of attraction - free to move
—> fairly compact (usually stick together)

Question 9

Liquids have a …?

Answer 9

Definite volume but can change shape
—> flow to fit a container

Question 10

What happens if you heat a liquid?

Answer 10

The particles gain more energy and they will move around faster which weakens the forces holding them together

Question 11

What happens if the temperature reaches the liquid’s boiling point?

Answer 11

The particles have enough energy to break the bonds holding them close together
Liquid —> gas

Question 12

What structure does a gas have??

Answer 12

Free to move around

Question 13

Forces in a gas?

Answer 13

Very weak forces of attraction

Question 14

Gases don’t keep a …?

Answer 14

Definite shape or volume
—> always fill a container as they spread out as much as possible

Question 15

Gases are constantly …?

Answer 15

Moving with random motion
But they travel in straight lines

Question 16

What happens if you heat a gas?

Answer 16

The particles gain more energy and travel faster
—> gas will expand if the container is expandable
—> if in a fixed container, the pressure will increase

Question 17

What happens if you cool a gas down?

Answer 17

The particles won’t have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction
—> bond will start to form between the particles
—> condensing the gas into a liquid

Question 18

What happens if you cool a liquid down?

Answer 18

The particles won’t have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction
—> even more bonds form, fixing the particles in place
—> freezing the liquid into a solid

Question 19

Solid —> liquid

Answer 19

Melting

Question 20

Liquid —> gas

Answer 20

Boiling/evaporating

Question 21

Gas —> liquid

Answer 21

Condensing

Question 22

Liquid —> solid

Answer 22

Freezing

Question 23

Solid —> gas

Answer 23

Sublimation

Question 24

What temperature does ice melt at?

Answer 24

0 degrees celsius

Question 25

What temperature does water boil at?

Answer 25

100 degrees celsius

Question 26

What temperature does steam condense at?

Answer 26

100 degrees celsius

Question 27

Gas —> solid

Answer 27

Deposition

Question 28

What temperature does water freeze at?

Answer 28

0 degrees celsius

Question 29

Decreasing temperature means the particles …?

Answer 29

Lose energy

Question 30

List the three states of matter in increasing order of particle energy

Answer 30

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 31

Increasing temperature means the particles …?

Answer 31

Gain energy

Question 32

List the three states of matter in increasing order of density

Answer 32

Gas, liquid, solid

Question 33

Why is the particle model not perfect?

Answer 33

Particles aren’t: solid, inelastic or spheres —> instead they are: atoms, ions or molecules Doesn’t include details of the forces between particles —> e.g. doesn’t consider how strong they are or how many of them there are

Question 34

What is diffusion?

Answer 34

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 35

What does diffusion only occur in?

Answer 35

Liquids and gases

Question 36

Diffusion of bromine gas in air

Answer 36

Quickly diffuses from the bottom tube into the top tube and at the end will be evenly distributed

Question 37

Diffusion and reaction of hydrogen chloride and ammonia

Answer 37

1) both evaporate into gases and begin diffusing along the glass tube towards each other 2) when they meet, they’ll react together to form a white ring of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)