Station 5: The Foot

Question 1

Bones of the Foot:

Tarsals

Names of all 7 Tarsals bones in order.
Classify
Formation

Answer 1

"Tiger Cubs Nibble M I L C"
T= Talus
C= Calcaneus
N= Navicular
M= Medial Cuneiform 
I= Intermediate Cuneiform
L= Lateral Cuneiform
C= Cuboid

Classify: Short Bones

Question 2

Bones of the Foot:

Metatarsals

Name, Formation and Classification of all 5 Metatarsals.

Answer 2

Big Toe: 1st Metatarsal (Hallex)
2nd Metatarsal
3rd Metatarsal
4th Metatarsal
Pinky toe: 5th Metatarsal

Classify: Short Bones

Formation:

Question 3

Bones of the Foot:

Phalanges

Name, Formation and Classification of all Phalanges

Give an example of a phalange description

Answer 3

Phalanges

• Distal (end of toe)
• Middle
• Proximal (Ankle end)

Hallex has no middle phalange

e.g. The 3rd Distal Phalange of the Foot

Classify: Short Bones

Formation:

Question 4

Joints of the Foot:

Name, Classify and Actions of the 6 Joints.

Answer 4

1. Distal Tibiofibular Joint
   - Fibrous Syndesmosis Synathrotic
   - Slight give during dorsiflexion
2. Ankle Joint (Tibia and Fibula with Talus)
   - Synovial Hinge Diathrotic uniaxial
   - Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion of the foot
3. Intertarsal
   - Synovial Plane Diathrotic Nonaxial
   - Gliding
   - Inversion and eversion of the foot
4. Tarsometatarsal
   - Synovial Plane Diathrotic Nonaxial
   - Gliding of metatarsals
5. Metatarsophalangeal
   - Synovial Condyloid Diathrotic Biaxial
   - Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of hallax
6. Interphalangeal
   - Synovial Hinge Diathrotic Uniaxial
   - Flexion and Extension

Question 5

Ligaments of the Foot:

Name and Locate the 4 ligaments of the Foot

What is the role of these ligaments

Answer 5

1. Medial (Deltoid Ligament)
   - From the Tibia to the Calcaneous, Talus and Navicular
   - Triangular Shape (Deltoid)
   - Very strong and stable
   - Limits dorsiflexion and eversion

Lateral Ligaments:

2. Anterior Talofibular Ligament
   -From the Fibular to the talus anteriorly
   -
3. Posterior Talofibular Ligament
   -From the Fibular to the talus posteriorly
   -
4. Calcaneofibular Ligament
   -From the Fibular to the Calcaneous laterally
   -Limits dorsiflexion and inversion
   -

Question 6

Arches of the Foot:

Name and Locate the 3 arches of the Foot

What is the keystone of each?

What is the Primary function (2) and what are the contributing factors to stability (3) of these arches?

Answer 6

1. Medial Longitudinal Arch
   - Calcaneous to Talus & Metatarsals 1,2,3
   - Keystone: Talus
2. Lateral Longitudinal Arch
   -Calcaneous to Cuboid & Metatarsals 4,5
   Keystone: Cuboid
3. Transverse Arch
   - Talus and Metatarsals
   - NO KEYSTONE

Functions:

• Shock Absorbsion
• Propulsion

Contributing Factors to Stability:

• Ligaments
• Muscles
• Shape of articulating surfaces (plane joints, therefore this is not as important)

Keystone is the highest point of the arch

Question 7

Which Ligament in the Foot is most commonly injured?

Answer 7

Anterior Talofibular Ligament