STATISTICS Flashcards
(29 cards)
A branch of mathematics that deals with scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data
Statistics
A set of procedyres and rules for reducing large masses of data into manageable proportions allowing us to draw conclusions from those data
Statistics (McCarthy definition)
A person who is trained in collecting numerical information (data), evaluating it and drawing conclusions from it
Statistician
Assignment of a number to something
Measurement
Characteristics or attribute that can assume different values
Variable (data)
Values (measurements or observations) that variables can assume
Data Values
Consists of all sibjects that are being studied
Population
A group of subjects selected from a population
Sample
Measure used to describe the population
Parameter
Measure computed from sample data
Statistic
Consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data
Descriptive statistics
Consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions
Inferential statistics
Variables that can be placed into distinct categories, according to some characteristic or attribute
Qualitative data
Numerical and can be ordered or ranked
Quantitative data
Quantitative data that are countable using a finite count
Discrete Data
Quantitative data that can take on any value within a range of values on a numerical scale in such a wat that there are no gaps, jumps, or other interruptions; real valued
Continuous Data
Lowest level of data; applied to data that are used for category indentification
Nominal Scale
Next higher level of data; characterized by data that applies to categories that can be ranked
Ordinal Scale
Applied to data that can be arranged in some order and for which differences in data values are meaningful; results from counting or measuring
Interval Scale
Highest level of measurement; applied to data that can be ranked and for which all arithmetic operations including division can be performed; results from counting or measuring
Ratio Scale
The process of selecting the individuals from the population that makes up our sample
Sampling
Sample sizes can be computed by applying
n = N/1+Ne^2
n= number of samples
N= number of population
e= margin of error
The research participants recruit other participants for a test or study; used when potential participants are hard to find
Snowball Sampling
Collected in the most convenient manner
Convenience
