Statistics Final Exam Flashcards
Learn everything about statistics (20 cards)
What is the definition of statistics?
A discipline that allows us to think logically and make informed decisions under uncertainty or variation.
What is the main idea of statistics?
To organize and synthesize data to generate appropriate conclusions based on the information contained within the data.
What are the two main classifications of statistics?
- Descriptive statistics
- Inferential statistics
Define ‘Variable’ in statistics.
Characteristic of interest whose value is non-constant between the elements of the population.
What is ‘Data’ in the context of statistics?
Results of observations of one or more variables.
Define ‘Population’ in statistics.
Set of elements of interest under study.
What is a ‘Sample’?
A subset of a given population.
What is a ‘Random Sample’?
A subset of elements that are representative of the population due to the method of selection.
What is the difference between Population and Sample?
Population refers to the entire set of elements, while a sample is a subset studied to infer about the population.
What is ‘Simple Random Sampling’?
Every single element in the population has the same probability of being selected.
Define ‘Systematic Sampling’.
You choose an element each k registries on a list.
What is ‘Stratified Sampling’?
You select a random sample for each strata or subgroup with similar characteristics.
What is ‘Conglomerate Sampling’?
You choose a random sample for each conglomerate, which is a specific geographic area.
What does QUALITative data refer to?
Non-numeric characteristics or qualities.
What does QUANTITative data refer to?
Measurements and numerical quantities.
What are the two types of numerical variables?
- Discrete
- Continuous
Provide an example of discrete numerical variables.
Counts such as the number of people, animals, or objects.
Provide an example of continuous numerical variables.
Any scale with fractions, such as weight, height, or distance.
Fill in the blank: A mistake on a discrete numerical variable would be: There are 3.2 _______.
people
