Statistics & Probability Flashcards
Outlier
a data value that is significantly higher or lower than the other values
**an outlier resulted in the median being the best measure of central tendency
Standard Deviation
provides us with a measure of scatter (dispersion of data)
represented by sigma α
Box and Whisker Plot
diagrammatic representation of scatter of data
Best Fit
line on a graph that splits the data in half (line does not have to touch any points)
Purpose of Best Fit
to predict future points
Multiplication Principle of Counting (Fundamental Principle of Counting)
if one task can be performed in “m” ways and having done that another task can be performed in “n” ways, then the sequence of tasks can be completed in “mn” ways
Sample Space
the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
Combination
a way of selecting several things out of a larger group, where order does not matter
repetition is not allowed
Permutation
rearranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, where order matters
Difference of Permutations and Combinations
combinations SOME members of the set where order is disregarded
permutation ALL members of the set where order matters
Event
a subset of the sample space
Impossible Event
ex: getting neither heads nor tails
Definite Event
ex: getting either head or tails
Normal Distribution
a function that represents the distribution of many random variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph
Histogram
a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.
