Stats-Validity

Question 1

Nominal

Answer 1

Categories with no numeric scales

Question 2

Ordinal

Answer 2

Rank ordering, numerical values limited

Question 3

Interval

Answer 3

Numerical properties are literal,assume equal interval between values

Question 4

Independent variable

Answer 4

The manipulated variable (cause)

Question 5

Dependent variable

Answer 5

The variable to be measured (effect)

Question 6

Confounding variable

Answer 6

An “extra” variable that you didn’t account for that could be operating

Question 7

Null hypothesis

Answer 7

The population means are equal; there is no observable difference, the IV had no effect

Question 8

Research hypothesis

Answer 8

The population means are, in fact, not equal; the IV did not have an effect

Question 9

Type I error

Answer 9

when we reject the null hypothesis that is actually true

Question 10

Type II error

Answer 10

when we accept the null hypothesis that is actually false

Question 11

Alpha level error

Answer 11

level of significance (.001, .01, .05), probability of making type I error

Question 12

Test-retest reliability

Answer 12

measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group of people

Question 13

Alternate forms reliability

Answer 13

requires administering two different forms of the same test to the same people at two points in time

Question 14

Internal consistency

Answer 14

the consistency of people’s responses across the items on a multiple-item measure

Question 15

Split-half reliability

Answer 15

the correlation of the total score on one half of the test with the total score on the other half

Question 16

Cronbach’s alpha

Answer 16

the average of all possible split-half reliability coefficients

Question 17

Interrater reliability

Answer 17

the extent to which raters agree in their observations

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

the consistency of the measure

Question 19

Validity

Answer 19

whether the measure does what it is intended to do

Question 20

Internal validity

Answer 20

the ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships from the results of the study

Question 21

External validity

Answer 21

the extent to which the results can be generalized to other populations and settings

Question 22

Construct validity

Answer 22

the adequacy of the operational definitions of variables

Question 23

Convergent validity

Answer 23

scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct

Question 24

Discriminant validity

Answer 24

scores on the measure are not related to other measures that are theoretically different

Question 25

Criterion validity

Answer 25

extent to which a measure is related to an outcome

Question 26

Concurrent validity

Answer 26

scores on the measure are related to a criterion measured at the same time (concurrently)

Question 27

Face validity

Answer 27

the content of the measure appears to reflect the construct being measured

Question 28

Predictive validity

Answer 28

scores on the measure predict behavior on a criterion measured at a future time

Question 29

Simple random sampling

Answer 29

every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected for the sample

Question 30

Stratified random sampling

Answer 30

the population is divided into subgroups and random sampling techniques are then used to select sample members from each stratum

Question 31

Cluster sampling

Answer 31

the researcher identifies a cluster of people and then sample from the clusters

Question 32

Convenience sampling

Answer 32

"take them where you find them" method of obtaining participants

Question 33

Purposive sampling

Answer 33

obtaining a sample of people who meet some predetermined criterion

Question 34

Quota sampling

Answer 34

choosing a sample that reflects the numerical composition of various subgroups in the population

Question 35

Moderator

Answer 35

variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between an IV and a DV; Does not influence the strength of a relationship b/w 2 other variables

Question 36

Mediator

Answer 36

accounts for the relation between the IV and DV; Explains the relationship b/w the two other variables