Std Lecture Flashcards
1
Q
What is VD?
A
Venereal diseases
2
Q
What is STD?
A
Sexually transmissible diseases
3
Q
What is STI?
A
Sexually transmissible infections
4
Q
Incubation period of syphillis
A
9-90 days
5
Q
Incubation period of HHV-2
A
3-7days
6
Q
Incubation period of gonorrhea
A
1-5 days
7
Q
Incubation period of chancroid
A
1-7 days
8
Q
Incubation period of genital warts
A
1-6 months
9
Q
Incubation period of AIDS
A
3months- 15yrs
10
Q
Incubation period of LGV
A
1-5 wks
11
Q
Incubation period of nongonococcel urethritis (NGV)
A
1-4 wks
12
Q
Causative organism of trichomoniaisis
A
Trichomonas vaginalis
13
Q
Incubation period of trichomomiasis
A
2-28 days
14
Q
Causative organism of syphillis
A
Treponema pallidum
15
Q
Causative organism of candidiadis
A
Candida albicans
16
Q
Incubation period of candidiasis
A
1-4 wks
17
Q
Causative organism of gonorrhea
A
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
18
Q
Causative organism of chancroid
A
Haemophilus ducreyi
19
Q
Causative organism of AIDS
A
HIV ( Human immunodeficiency Virus)
20
Q
Causative organism of genital warts
A
Papilloma virus
21
Q
Causative organism of herpes genitalis
A
Human herpes virus-2
22
Q
Causative organism of LGV
A
Chlamydia trachomatis
23
Q
Full meaning of LGV
A
Lymphogranuloma venerum
24
Q
Causative organism of granuloma inguinale
A
Calymatobacterium granulomatis
25
Causative organism of NGU
Chlamydia trachomatis
26
REASONS FOR THE SPREAD OF STDs
1. Difficulty in obtaining accurate information because of the stigma attached to STDs.
•2. Failure to intercept transmission because of short incubation period.
•3. Increase in societal permissiveness and promiscuity.
•4. Rejection of traditional moral codes and principles.
•5. Urbanization and industrialization.
•6. Greater and easier mobility due to technological advancement.
•7. Drug abuse and resistance to antibiotics.
•8. Erosion of fear of pregnancy due to effective and cheap contraceptives.
•9. Reservoir of infection in women.
•10. Absence of vaccines.
•11. Inadequate funding and facilities.
•12. Ignorance.
27
CLASSIFICATION OF STDs
Group 1. The old or classical STDs, which include gonorrhoea, syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale. These five constitute the true or so-called “venereal diseases”.
•Group 2. All other STDs except HIV/AIDS
•Group 3. HIV/AIDS
• The newer the STD (or lower in the group above), the more difficult to diagnose and manage.
28
Stds are commoner :
•In sexually active adults – both males and females, usually between ages
15-40 yrs
29
Stds are commoner In older children by
Sexual abuse
30
Stds are commoner in younger children by
vertical infection (i.e. from infected mother to child in utero
31
The use of Condom ……. STD prevalence.
Lowers
32
The mode of infection could be by
un-protected sex (vaginal or anal or oral), or vertically from an infected mother to her child (in-utero or trans-placental), or through blood and blood products.
33
Some medical effects of STDs on the population
•
•A. In Males
•
•A. In Males
• 1. Urethral stricture
• 2. Sub-fertility and infertility
• 3. Genital cancer
• 4. Death
34
Some medical effects of stds on the population
B. In Females
B. In Females
• 1. Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID)
• 2. Sub-fertility and infertility
• 3. Ectopic pregnancy
• 4. Spontaneous abortion
• 5. Still birth
• 6. Cervical cancer
• 7. Death
35
Some medical effects of stds on the population
•C. In Children
•C. In Children
• 1. Severe sepsis
• 2. Eye infections blindness
• 3. Pneumonia
• 4. Growth retardation
• 5. Malformations
• 6. Death
36
The main objectives of STDs/HIV control should include:
•1. Interruption of the transmission of the infections.
•2. Prevention of the development of infection, complications and sequellae.
•3. Reduction in the risk of HIV infection.
37
The spread of HIV is facilitated 2-9 times by the presence of …..
The spread of HIV is facilitated 2-9 times by the presence of STDs, especially the genital ulcer diseases.
38
HIV infects ……….. every minute worldwide while HIV-positive mothers double every ……. years.
HIV infects sixteen persons every minute worldwide while HIV-positive mothers double every two years.
39
The true global extent of STDs is unknown due to:
•1. Asymptomatic infections esp. in females
•2.Lack of access to STD facilities
•3.Lack of routine screening
•4.Fear of stigma.
40
Generally, STD risk is highest between ages 15-30 years and the incidence drops thereafter. Some of the reasons for this include:
1. Maturity
2. Formation of stable relationships (marriage) and
3.Less sexual drive
41
Globally, STDs are known to be twice as common in the age bracket …….years than in any other age groups. Because females mature faster than males and therefore marry earlier than males and also because older males tend to go for younger females, STDs are higher in females than males between ages …….years. However, in all ages above …..years, STDs tend to be higher in males than females.
Globally, STDs are known to be twice as common in the age bracket 15-29 years than in any other age groups. Because females mature faster than males and therefore marry earlier than males and also because older males tend to go for younger females, STDs are higher in females than males between ages 10-19 years. However, in all ages above 20 years, STDs tend to be higher in males than females.
42
Causative organism of molluscum-contagiosum
Pox virus
43
Incubation period of molloscum-contagium
1-12 wks
44
Examples of parasites
Sarcoptes scabies
Phthirus
45
Examples of protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis
46
Examples of fungi
Candida albicans
Epidermophyton inguinale
47
Examples of spirochetes
Treponema pallidum
48
Examples of bacteria
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilus ducreyi
Calymatobacterium granulomatis
49
Examples of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
50
Examples of viruses
Human herpes virus-2
Pox virus
Papilloma virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human immunodeficiency virus
51
Causative organism of serum hepatitis
Hepatitis B virus
52
Causative organism of scabies
Sacroptes scabies
53
Incubation period of scabies
1-8 wks
