STDs Flashcards
(35 cards)
What organism causes gonorrhoea
N. gonorrhoea
What organism causes cervicitis
C. trachomatis
Which organism causes syphilis
T. pallidum
What is gonococcal disease defined as
Demonstration of N. gonorrhoea in clinic samples
What does gonococcus do and what does it cause in men, women and children
Infects mucosal surfaces
men- urethritis
women- endocervicitis
children-ophthalmic disease
What does gonorrhoea do to HIV
Amplifies HIV infection (increases likelihood of acquiring HIV)
How does gonorrhoea infect mucosal cekks
Pilli attach onto the mucosal cells
Pilli shorten and becomes closer to mucosal cells.
Engulfed in phagosomes
How does gonococcus avoid immune surveillance
POsesses multiple mechanisms to alter the expression of surface -exposed proteins through phase and antigenic variation
Wide variability in surface exposed structures allows the organisms to maintain divergent antigenic types
What are the outcomes of a direct mucosal infection of gonococcus
Opthalmia neotorum Urethritis Pharyngitis Cervicitis Vulvovaginits (children0 Proctitis
What are the outcomes of a local extension of a gonococcus infection
Prostatitis
Vesiculitis
Epididymitis
Endometritis
Salpingitis
Oophoritis
Pelvic peritonitis
What can gonococcus infection cause if it enters the blood
Dermatitis Arthritis Endocarditis Meningitis Perihepatitis Tenosynevitis
Why is gonorrhoea a bigger issue in women
IT is usually asymptomatic so easier to spread
How is gonococcus diagnosed
NAA tests
Microbiological diagnosis requires urethral swabs in males and speculum examination in women
Point of care testing
Material obtained from sampling is Gram stained and cultured on enriched media
Treatment of gonorrhoea
Third generation cephalosporins
What does chlamydia exist as
Exist as obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells.
- Extracellular elementary bodies (EB)
- Intracellular reproductive particle called the reticulate body (RB)
How is diagnosis of chlamydia made
Almost exclusively by PCR
Treatment of a chlamydia infection
Doxycycline bd for 7 days or Azithromycin stat or Erythromycin 4x/day for 7 days
What can pelvic inflammatory disease be caused by
What is it the leading cause of
Gonococcus or chlamydia
Pelvic inflammatory disease is the leading cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy
What does pelvic inflammatory disease present with
Pelvic and abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge and cervical tenderness
What is the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
What would you do if it is a severe case
Doxycycline for 14 days, plus metronidazole for 5 days plus ceftriaxone
Prescribe the same things but for longer and higher dose
How is syphilis classified
Acquired: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary
Congenital: early (diagnosed in first 2 years of life) and late (after age 2)
What is primary syphilis characterised by
What is its incubation time
Ulcer and regional lymphadenopathy (disease of lymph nodes
9-90 days
What is secondary syphilis characterised by
When are we able to see the characteristics
Skin lesions most common-macular to nodular, condylomata lata (wart-like on genitals)
Anterior uveitis, meningitis, cranial nerve palsies, glomerulonephritis
Usually appears within 8 weeks of infection
What are the the signs of tertiary syphilis
Neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis
Gummatous syphilis
