Steel Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is the carbon content range in steel?
0.25-1.5% (or 0.15-1.5%)
Who invented steel?
Henry Bessemer
What is steel an intermediate between?
Wrought Iron (WI) and Cast Iron (CI)
What kind of stress can steel take?
Both tension and compression
Name a manufacturing process for steel.
Bessemer Process
What are the two types of Bessemer processes based on lining material?
Acidic Bessemer and Basic Bessemer
What is the refractory material used in Acidic Bessemer?
Acidic
What kind of refractory material is used in Basic Bessemer?
Basic
What is the end product from the Bessemer process?
Ingot
Describe the Cementation Process.
By adding carbon to Wrought Iron (WI), blister steel is produced.
Describe the Crucible Process.
A small quantity of high-quality steel can be obtained from a fire clay crucible, known as cast steel.
Describe the Duplex Process.
A combination of Acid Bessemer and Basic Open Hearth process.
Name a manufacturing process that needs electricity for heating.
Electric Process
What is the Linz-Donowitz (LD) process?
A process where pure oxygen is used instead of air.
What is unique about the Linz-Donowitz (LD) process regarding impurities?
It is the only process from which sulfur can be removed effectively.
What is another name for the Open Hearth Process?
Siemens-Martin Process
What are the two types of Open Hearth Processes?
Acidic and Basic
What can be recycled by using regeneration chambers in the Open Hearth Process?
Phosphorous, to make fertilizers
What is the carbon content of Dead Steel/Very Low Carbon Steel?
<0.1%
What is the carbon content of Low Carbon Steel/Mild Steel/Structural Steel?
0.1-0.25%
What is the carbon content of Medium Carbon Steel?
0.25-0.6%
What is the carbon content of High Carbon Steel?
0.6-1.5% (or 0.6-1.1%)
What causes Cavities/Blow Holes in steel?
Entrapment of air or gas
What causes Cold Short defects in steel?
Phosphorous
