Stem Cell Bio Flashcards
(31 cards)
- Proliferate for an extended period
- self-renewal
- unspecialized
- plasticity
- can differentiate into specialized cell types
Stem cell
Can become any cell type in the body, plus those which can give rise to both the embryo and the placenta
Totipotent
Can become any cell type in the body (all 3 germ layers)
Pluripotent
Can develop into several types (HSC, MSC)
Multipotent
Explains mechanism of cellular aging (in normal cells, not stem cells), can only replicate so many times before undergoing cell death
Hayflick Limit
Without ______, chromosomes fray overtime and cells eventually stop dividing
telomerase
Complex which can prolong telomerase (immortalize)
TERT complex
Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member
Wnt
- Important regulatory signaling axis
- Influences developmental processes in the embryo
- Regulates maintenance, self-renewal and differentiation of adult mammalian tissue stem cells
- Divided into canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways, (requirement or independence of intracellular B-catenin)
- Do not view canonical and noncanonical pathways as independent, linear pathways-part of a complex and dynamic signaling network
Wnt
What types of cells have the longest telomeres?
germ, stem, somatic
In adults, ____ signaling is important in both maintenance and differentiation
Wnt
Lengthens telomeres by adding sequences that prevents reaching hayflick limit
telomerase
Epidermis, epithelial lining of oral cavity/rectum, nervous system
Ectoderm
skeletal, muscular system, dermis, CVS, execretory system, repro,
mesoderm
epithelial lining of digestive tract and respiratory tract, associated glands of these systems; epithelial lining of urinary bladder
endoderm
Removes embryos nucleus and replaces it with another persons adult cell nucleus
somatic cell nuclear transfer
Problems with resurrecting a species
- DNA only coming from single female
- Can cross breed with closely related species
- Can use CRISPR/Cas9 (gene editing and manipulation) to introduce males
Undifferentiated mES cells and embryoid bodies form_____ when injected into synergenic or immunocompromised mice
teratomas
Benign tumors, derived from normal ESCs, composed of somatic differentiated tissues only, continued expression of survivin upon differentiation may contribute to teratoma formation
Teratomas
Organs lack stem cell grow and replace cells through ______
mitosis
push and pull of HSCs
Push from cell signaling and pull from infectious environment
Cells that differentiate into connective, cartilage, fat, and bone cells
mesenchymal
How to determine if a cell is mesenchymal or not
cell surface markers, adherent to cell culture plastic, and differentiate into different cell lineages
Four factors that can send cells back to puripotency (reprogram and repair)
Oct 3.4 (can be used alone), Sox3, c0Myc, and Klf4
