stem cells Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is a stem cell
a cell capable of self renewal or differentiation into a specialised cell
what is a niche
a group where stem cells are
what is a haemopoietic stem cell
stem cells of the blood that can replenishing the blood cell population
how do we treat blood cancers
we destroy the bone marrow of a patient and replace it with a bone marrow transplant
what stem cells can you isolate from an adult cell
haemopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells
what is a multipotent stem cell
they can differentiate into more than one type of cell, but not all and eventually they will senese
what is a pluripotent stem cell
a cell that can divide into any type of adult cell and are able to divide indefinitely
how can we grow embryonic stem cells
extract 3.5-day-old blastocysts from an embryo and inject it into a fibroblast on a cell culture dish and this forms the embryonic stem cell culture
what can grown pluripotent cells form
germ layers
what will grown pluripotent cells form in mice
teratomas
what is a chimera
an organism with two sets of separate genetic material
when will a chimera be formed
when 2 sperm and 2 egg cells fuse after fertilistion
what is a germline chimera
when embryonic stem cells are injected into a blastocyst
what is a knockout mouse
where two chimeric mice are mated to produce a mouse with only the embryonic stem cell genetic material, creating a knockout effect
what do knockout mice allow us to do
they allow us to identify what genes do
what are the three germ layers
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
what does the ectoderm contain
skin and nervous tissue
what does the mesoderm contain
connective tissue
what does the endoderm contain
the linings of the body cavities and internal organs
what is an iPS cell
induced pluripotent stem cell
a method which allows adult cells to be converted into embryonic stem cells via the introduction of 4 genes
what is cloning
the process of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism
