Stem Cells Flashcards
What are totipotent stem cells?
can generate all tissues of embryo, and extra-embryonic tissues e.g. placenta
What are pluripotent stem cells?
can generate cells in all 3 germ layers, not extra-embryonic tissues,
e.g. embryonic stem cells
What are multipotent stem cells?
can differentiate into multi-lineage, but not all germ layers e.g. mesenchymal stem cell
What are unipotent stem cells?
can differentiate into only one lineage e.g. most adult stem cells, muscle cell
Autologous
taken from an individual, returned to same person
allogenic
taken from an individual, returned to a different person
where is human embryonic stem cell hESC derived
derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst, pluripotent
why use therapeutic cloning
designed to replace injured/diseased tissues, not intended for in utero transfer
applications of ESC
drug testing, toxicology, drug discovery, therapy
what is a teratoma?
often benign tumour, containing tissues of more than one germ layers from totipotent cells, often in ovaries/testes
current concerns for use of hESC
potential for teratoma, need to scale up experimental scale, immune rejection issues, animal products still used (infection/immune risks)
what are hematopoietic stem cells used for? (HSCs)
bone marrow transplants, blood system replacement e.g. leukaemia, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia
induced pluripotent stem clles (iPS)
somatic cells can be reprogrammed , reprogram differentiated cells to act like embryonic stem cells
what use does iPS have
cell therapy - patients own cells used (e.g. insulin-producing cells of pancreas)
research- provide cellular model of disease
advantages of iPS
can make person-specific cell lines, no embyros damaged, make lines from people w genetic disease and study lineages
disadvantages of iPS
genetically modified, potential oncogenesis (CANCER), differentiation = hESC with similar limitiationa
