Stem Cells- Part III- March 26 (1) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the different methods for generating pluripotent stem cells?
- Culture inner cell mass isolated from blastocyst in vitro
- Induce pluripotency in somatic cells by introducing a set of genes (iPSCs)
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
- Use of MEK and GSK3 inhibitors along with LIF
List the transcription factors essential for maintaining pluripotency.
OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, KLF2, ESRRB, TFCP2L1, TBX3, GBX2
What is the role of Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in stem cell culture?
LIF is required for maintaining pluripotency in vitro
What are the characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs)?
ESCs can grow indefinitely in vitro, generate all three germ layers, and do not persist in adult tissues
True or False: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) express the cell surface marker SSEA1.
False
What is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)?
SCNT is a technique where the nucleus of a somatic cell is introduced into an ovum to form a blastocyst, which can develop into a full organism.
Who were the Nobel Prize winners for demonstrating the reprogramming of mature cells into pluripotent stem cells?
Dr. John Gurdon and Dr. Shinya Yamanaka
Fill in the blank: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by reprogramming mature cells using transcription factors such as _______.
[OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-Myc]
What is a primary application of stem cell therapy in Type I Diabetes?
Clinical trials using iPSC-derived pancreatic cells capable of producing insulin
What are some examples of conditions treated with stem cell therapies?
- Type I Diabetes
- Cancer (Leukemia, Lymphoma)
- Macular degeneration
What is the significance of embryoid bodies in stem cell research?
Embryoid bodies are structures formed from stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types.
True or False: iPSCs can only differentiate into ectodermal lineages.
False
What are some markers associated with the three germ layers in iPSCs?
- Endoderm markers: Sox17
- Mesoderm markers: Brachyury/T
- Ectoderm markers: Nestin
What is the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 in stem cell research?
CRISPR/Cas9 is used to generate diseased cells by gene editing of ESCs.
What is the purpose of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in drug screening?
To understand disease mechanisms and perform drug screening (disease in a dish).
Fill in the blank: The first mammal cloned from a somatic cell was _______.
[Dolly]
What are the ethical concerns associated with ESCs and SCNT?
Ethical concerns and technical difficulties have led to the development of alternative methods for producing pluripotent stem cells.
What factors are essential for maintaining pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells?
FGF and Activin
What is the primary use of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in Canada?
As an immunomodulator for acute Graft Vs Host Disease in pediatric patients.
Who are the authors of ‘Concepts and Applications of Stem Cell Biology’?
Gabriela Rodrigues and Bernard A. J. Roelen
What is the significance of the study by Takahashi et al. published in 2007?
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors
What type of stem cells did Egawa et al. use for drug screening in ALS?
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells
What is the focus of the review by Bar S and Benvenisty N published in 2020?
Human pluripotent stem cells: derivation and applications
What did Liu et al. model in their 2021 study?
Human blastocysts by reprogramming fibroblasts into blastoid
