Stems

Question 1

What are the functions of the plant stem?

Answer 1

(1) Support leaves to maximize light absorption
(2) Part of conduit for transport of water, minerals, and organic solutes.
(3) Storage

Question 2

It is a STEM PART that is the supportive and conductive organs.

Answer 2

Stems

Question 3

It is a STEM PART that is stem plus its associated leaves.

Answer 3

Shoot

Question 4

It is a STEM PART that is the first shoot of a seed plant.

Answer 4

Epicotyl

Question 5

It is a STEM PART that is the point of attachment of a leaf to a stem.

Answer 5

Node

Question 6

It is a STEM PART that is the region between two adjacent nodes.

Answer 6

Internode

Question 7

It is a STEM PART that runs between stem and leaf, providing a vascular connection.

Answer 7

Vascular strand

Question 8

It is a STEM PART that is mostly parenchymatous tissue external to the vascular tissue of a stem.

Answer 8

Cortex

Question 9

It is a STEM PART that is central; internal to the vasculature.

Answer 9

Pith

Question 10

It is a STEM PART that is the simplest set of cells capable of triggering growth of the would-to-be organ and the initial foundation from which an organ is able to grow.

Answer 10

Primordium

Question 11

It is determined by the relative activity of apical meristems.

Answer 11

Branching patterns

Question 12

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given shoot has the potential for unlimited growth, such that the apical meristem is continuously active.

Answer 12

Indeterminate

Question 13

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN where a shoot that terminates growth after a period of time.

Answer 13

Determinate

Question 14

It is a BRANCHING PATTERN where an abortion of apical meristem or conversion into flower, inflorescence or specialized structure.

Answer 14

Determinate

Question 15

It is a DETERMINATE SHOOT that completely transforms into a flower/inflorescence.

Answer 15

Hapaxanthic

Question 16

It is an INDETERMIANTE SHOOT that bears lateral flower but continues vegetative growth.

Answer 16

Pleonanthic

Question 17

What are the 3 types of STEM BRANCHING PATTERNS?

Answer 17

(1) Monopodial, (2) Dichotomous, (3) Sympodial

Question 18

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given stem axis is derived from growth of a single apical meristem.

Answer 18

Monopodial

Question 19

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that if a given axis appears to be a single, continuous structure is made up of numerous units that are derived from a separate apical meristem.

Answer 19

Sympodial

Question 20

It is a STEM BRANCHING PATTERN that is a rare type of branching pattern, in which a single apical meristem divides equally into two branches.

Answer 20

Dichotomous

Question 21

What are the 11 SPECIALIZED STEM TYPES

Answer 21

(1) Bulb
(2) Corm
(3) Caudex
(4) Rhizome
(5) Tuber
(6) Runners (Stolon)
(7) Thorns and spines
(8) Caudiciform
(9) Pachycaul
(10) Cladode
(11) Tendrils

Question 22

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that the shoot consists of a small amount of vertical stem tissue and a massive quantity of thick, fleshy leaves.

Answer 22

Bulb
(Ex. A. cepa)

Question 23

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that the shoot consists mostly of generally globose stem tissue surrounded by scantly, scale life leaves.

Answer 23

Corm

Question 24

It is a SPECIALZIED STEM TYPE in which the rootstock consists of relatively undifferentiated but vertically oriented stem.

Answer 24

Caudex

Question 25

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE wherein the stem is horizontal and underground, typically with short internodes and bearing scale like leaves.

Answer 25

Rhizome (Ex. Zingiber sp.)

Question 26

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE where it is an underground storage stem, usually not upright, typically bearing outer buds and lacking surrounding storage leaves or protective scales.

Answer 26

Tuber (Ex. Solanum sp)

Question 27

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that is a long, slender stem that grows horizontally along the surface of the ground. New leaves and roots develop where a node, touches ag round, and these are independent plant as soon as the runner dies.

Answer 27

Runners / Stolon (Ex. Fragaria sp.)

Question 28

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has sharp pointed structures that are probably of survival value in decreasing amount of browsing damage to these plants by herbivores and also by humans.

Answer 28

Thorns and spikes

Question 29

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a long, thin, coiling structure, which attach the plant to a support. Due to unequal rates of growth, the tips of tendrils move slowly back and forth as they elongate.

Answer 29

Tendrils

Question 30

It is a SPECIALZIED STEM TYPE that has a low, swollen, perennial storage stem, from which arise annual or non-persistent photosynthetic shoots.

Answer 30

Caudiciform stem (Ex. Dioscorea sp.)

Question 31

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a woody, trunk-like stem that is swollen basally, the swollen region functioning in storage.

Answer 31

Pachyhaul (Ex. Brachychiton sp.)

Question 32

It is a SPECIALIZED STEM TYPE that has a flattened, needle-like, photosynthetic stem that may resemble and function as a leaf; take over the primary photosynthetic function of leaves and may function to reduce water loss.

Answer 32

Cladode (Ex. Asparagus sp.)

Question 33

It is a character describing the relative position of the stem or shoot, but also based on stem structure, growth and orientation.

Answer 33

Stem Habit

Question 34

What are the 9 types of STEM HABITS?

Answer 34

(1) Acaulescent (2) Caulescent (3) Cespitose (4) Prostrate (5) Repent (6) Arborescent (7) Suffrutescent (8) Decumbent (9) Frutescent

Question 35

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is a plant with above ground stem; include shrub, trees and herbs with aerial vegetative shoots and leaves.

Answer 35

Caulescent

Question 36

It is a type of STEM HABIT that a plant lacks an above ground stem, other than the inflorescence axis. Bear major photosynthetic leaves only at ground level.

Answer 36

Acaulescent

Question 37

It is a type of STEM HABIT having the habit of a shrub, with numerous, woody, aerial trunks.

Answer 37

Frutescent

Question 38

It is a type of STEM HABIT having a treelike appearance and size.

Answer 38

Arborescent

Question 39

It is a type of STEM HABIT having a basally woody and herbaceous apically.

Answer 39

Suffrutescent

Question 40

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is trailing or lying flat not rooting at the nodes.

Answer 40

Prostrate

Question 41

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is creeping or lying flat but rooting at the nodes.

Answer 41

Repent

Question 42

It is a type of STEM HABIT that is basically prostrate but apically ascending.

Answer 42

Decumbent

Question 43

It is a type of STEM HABIT that has multiple aerial but short stemmed shoots arise from that base, forming a much branched cushion.

Answer 43

Cespitose (Ex. Grasses)

Question 44

They are woody, recent growth branches of trees or shrubs.

Answer 44

Twigs

Question 45

They are immature shoot systems that develop from meristematic regions.

Answer 45

Buds

Question 46

What are the 5 types of BARKS?

Answer 46

(1) Exfoliating (2) Fissured (3) Plated (4) Shreddy (5) Smooth

Question 47

It comprises all the tissue outside the vascular cambium of a plant with true wood.

Answer 47

Barks

Question 48

Its periderm, are derived from cork cambium itself.

Answer 48

Outer bark

Question 49

It is a type of BARK that crack or splits into large sheets.

Answer 49

Exfoliating

Question 50

It is a type of BARK that has a split or those that crack into vertical or horizontal grooves.

Answer 50

Fissured

Question 51

It is a type of BARK that has a split or crack, with flat plates between the fissures.

Answer 51

Plated

Question 52

It is a type of BARK that is coarsely fibrous.

Answer 52

Shreddy

Question 53

It is a type of BARK that is non fibrous without fissures, fibers, plates or exfoliating sheets.

Answer 53

Smooth