Step 1 Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
Which vasculitis is associated w/ HBV?
A
Polyarteritis Nodosa
2
Q
vasculitis - string of pearls
A
Polyarteritis nodosa
3
Q
which small vessel vasculitis have granulomas?
A
Granulomatosis with polyangiits (wegner)
Churg Strauss
4
Q
Which small vessel vasculitis show lesions of different stages of healing
A
Wegners
5
Q
which small vessel vasculitis is assocated with eosinophilia
A
Churg Strauss
6
Q
differences between wegners and microscopic polyangitis
A
wegers: granulomas, different stages of healing, involving oral mucosa, c-ANCA (P3-ANCA)
microscopic: no granulomas, no nasopharyngeal, same stages, p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)
7
Q
which vasculitis is associated with migratory pulmonary infiltrate
A
Churg Strauss
8
Q
Cyclosporin action
A
binds to cyclophilin to calcineurin (no dephosphorylation of NFAT) ability to transcribe IL-2
9
Q
Tacrolimus action
A
blocks FK506 to inhibit calcineurin (no dephosphorylation of NFAT) to prevent IL-2 trascription
10
Q
Cycolosporin vs. Tacrolimus ADRs
A
both nephrotoxic
Cyco: HTN, hyperlipid, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia
tacrolimus: diabetes (no hirsutism or gingival)
11
Q
Sirolimus
A
also rapamycin
binds to FKBP to inhibit mTOR to decrease T and B cell response to IL2
Synergisitc of cyclosporin
12
Q
ADRs Sirolimus
A
pancytopenia, insulin resistance, NO nephrotoxicity
13
Q
Daclizumab
A
IL2 Rect Ab
14
Q
Basilizimab
A
IL2 Rec Ab
15
Q
Azathioprine
A
Block PRPP amidotransferase to decrease purine NTs
16
Q
6-mercaptopurine
A
blocks PRPP amidotransferase to decrease NTs
17
Q
Mycophenolate
A
inhibits IMP dehydrogenase to decrease PUrine NT synthesis
18
Q
Mycophenolate ADRs
A
GI upset, pancytopenia, HTN, hyperglycemia, CMV infection
19
Q
Leflunomide
A
inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase to decrease pyrimidine NTs
20
Q
Alemtuzumab
A
Anti CD52 (mature lymphocytes) for CLL
21
Q
Bevacizumab
A
Anti VEGF
Use colorectal, RCC, WMD
22
Q
Cetuximab
A
anti EGFR – colorectal CA
23
Q
Rituximab
A
anti CD20 - B cell non-hodgkins, CLL, RA, ITP
24
Q
Adalimumab
A
anti TNF alpha - IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis (increased susceptibility to TB)
25
Certolizumab
anti TNF alpha - IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis (increased susceptibility to TB)
26
Ifliximab
anti TNF alpha - IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis (increased susceptibility to TB)
27
Eculizumab
anti C5 (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
28
Natalizumab
anti alpha4 integrin (decrease WBC adhesion) - MS, crohns - increased risk of PML with JC virus
29
Abciximab
anti iib/iiia - use for percutaneous coronary intervention
30
denosumab
anti RANKL
31
Omalizumab
anti IgE - prevents IgE from binding to FC
32
Palivizumab
anti RSV Fusion protein
33
Ranibizumab
Anti VEGF - wet macular degeneration
34
Ustekinumab
anti IL12 and IL23 - for NK and T activation - psoriasis
35
Imatinib
BCR-ABL and cKIT inihbitor
| ADR: fluid retention
36
Erlotinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR
| ADR: puplo-pustular rash
37
Afatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR
38
Gefitinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR
39
Sorafenib
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor of VEGF
| ADRs: Hyperkeratosis and rash, increased hemorrhage
40
Sunitinib
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor of VEGF
| ADRs: Hyperkeratosis and rash, increased hemorrhage
41
Vemurafenib
BRAF kinase inhibitor (not tyrosine) of V600E used for metastatic melanoma
42
Theophylline
inhibits phosphodiesterase to decrease cAMP hydrolysis and increase cAMP --> bronchodilation and blocks Adeoosine receptor
rarely used in asthma due to risk of seizure and arrythmia
43
Type1 hypercholesterolemia
hyperchylomicronemia - defect LPL or C11
| milky white blood wth high chylomicrons and TG (risk of pancreatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, xanthomas)
44
Type 2A hypercholesterolemia
defect in LDL receptor - increased risk of CAD, xanthomas, corneal arcus
45
Type 3 hypercholesterolemia
defect in ApoE --> increased IDL
46
Type 4 hyperchoelsterolemia
defect to cause increase VLDL with risk of pancreatitis
47
Abetaproteinemia
decrease in B48 and B100 to decrase chylomicrons --> accumulation in RBCs to crease acanthocytic RBCs, diarrhea, failure to thrive
48
which misregulated lipid metabolism increase risk of CVD
Type 2 - decreased LDL receptors
49
which misregulated lipid metabolism increase risk of pancreatitis
defect in LPL, C11 or increaed VLDL
50
VPL
thalamus - spinothalamic, dorsal column, medial leminisus
| sensory body
51
VPM
thalamus sensory face
52
LGN
Input from CN II to calcarine sulcus - visual
53
MGN
input from superior olive and inferior colliculus to auditory cortex- sound
54
Anterior nucleus - thalamus
learning and memory
55
Pulvinar nucleus
integraes visual, aud, somatosensory
56
H line in muscle
Thick mysoin
57
I line in muscle
Thin actin
58
M line - muscle
middle of H line (myosin)
59
A- muscle
Thick myosin with actin overlap - doesn't change
60
Oligomycin
inhibits ATP synthase
61
what inhibits cytochrome c
CO and cyanide
62
anamycinA
inhbit compelx 3 of ETC
63
Amobarbitol
inhbiits complex 1 of ETC
64
rotanone
inhibits complex 1 of ETC
65
what cause H+ leak
2,4 dinotrophenol, aspirin, thermogenin
66
H+ leakage - proton gradient and O2 consumption
decreases proton gradient and increase O2 consumption
67
what decreases H+ gradient and decrease O2 consumption in ETCs
inhibition of all complex
68
what increases H+ gradient and decrease O2 consumption
Oligomycin - ATP synthase
69
Glucokinase vs. Hexokinase
Glucokinase - low affinity (high Km) but high Vmax
| Hexokinase - high affinity (low Km) but low Vmax
70
Cori
defect in alpha 1-6 dlugosiades - like Von Girks but without lactic acid or severe hypoglycemia
71
Andersons
branching enzyme defect
72
Hers
Defect in hepatic glycogen phosphorylase
73
Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase
FA synthesis - rate limiting
74
what is the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis
Acteyl Co-A Carboxylase
75
what shuttle is involved in FA synthesis
Citrate
76
RL step in beta ox
CAT1
77
Tryptophan makes
Niacin, NAD and NADP, serotonin, Melatonin
78
Glycine makes
porphyrine and heme
79
Glutamate makes
gaba and glutathione
80
arginine makes
Creatinine, urea, NO
81
enzymes requiring B1
alpha ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenates and transkelatase (ATP)
82
enzymes for B2
FAD - Succinate dehydrogenase
| FMN - NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1)
83
Vitamin B6 is used for:
GAba, serotonin, DA, Histamine
84
Biotin enzymes
AcetylcoCarboxylase, Pyruvate carbozylate, propionylcoA carboxylase
85
Acting out
tantrum
86
Displacement
avoided feelings transfered to neutral person
87
Dissociation
drastic change in personality to avoid stress
88
Fixation
partially fixating on childhoodish thing
89
idealization
focusing on only + and ignoring negative
90
identification
modeling behavior after soeone more powerful (abused becomes abuser)
91
isolation of affect
separation feeling from events
92
Rationalization
logical reasons to avoid true explanation - to avoid self blame
93
Reaction formation
replacing warded off idea with UNCONCIOUS emphasis on opposite
94
Regression
involuntarily turning back maturational clock
95
repression
involuntarily witholding idea from conscious
96
Sublimation
using energy from unfilled desire in constructive manner
97
Suppression
a conscious decision to ignore conflict
98
Humor
appreciating amusing nature of anxiety event
99
what are mature defense
sublimation, supression, altrusim, humor
100
Displacement vs. projection
avoided feeling transferred to netural person (displacement)
| projection-internal impulse in attributed to external source
101
Fixation vs. regression
fixating on one aspect of childhood vs. turning back maturational clock
102
Repression vs. supression
repression is involuntary vs consious suppression of conflict
103
Trasnference
shifting emotions or desires from past with another person to a person in present
104
Tight junction
zona occludens - caludins, occludens, JAMs
105
Zone adherens
join actin with neighboring cadherins
106
Macula adherens
desmosomes (cadherins - desmogelin, desmocollin)
107
gap junction
Connexins
108
Hemidesmosomes
integrins
109
NF1
Ras GTPase on CH17
110
NF2
merlin
111
VHL
cavernous hemangioma, BL RCC, hemangioblastoma, Pheo
112
STK11
puetz jeuger
113
PTEN
Cowden
114
angiogenesisi factors
VEGF, FGF
115
PDGF
smooth m. growth, endothelium growth
116
what Acute phase reactants increase?
CRP, ESR, ferritin, fibrinogen (ESR), hepcidin, amyloid A
117
what acute phase reactants decrease
albumin and transferrin
118
mesolimbic
Ventraltegmental to nucleus accumbens - reward + symptoms
119
mesocrotical
arcuate to frontal lobe - - symptoms
120
ASA overdoes tx
Bicarbonate, dialysis
121
Dimercaprol
cheates gold and mercury
122
Cyanide toxicity
almond breat, trismus, cardiac arrest - Nitrates or hydroxycoalbumin
123
Lead overdose
EDTA
124
TCA overdose
NaHCO3
125
Arch1
Maxillary A. V2, V3
126
arch 2
Stapedial and hyoid a., CN VII
127
arch 3
In. and common carotid, IX
128
Arch 4
Aortic arch and rt. subclavian, X
129
Arch 5
Ductus arteriosis, pulmonary a, X Recurrent
130
T cell markers
TCR, CD2, CD3, CD28
131
CD4 markers
CD4, CD40L
132
T reg markers
CD4, CD25 (IL2 receptor)
133
B cell marker
B7, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHCII
134
Macrophage marker
B7, CD14**, CD40, MDHII, FcR, C3bR
135
NK markers
CD16, CD56
136
Stem Cell marker
CD34
137
IL12
from macrophages - activates NK and TH1
138
INFgamma
activates Macrophage, NK
inhibits IL4 mediated IgE,
promotes TH1 and decrease Th2
139
TNF alpha
from macrophages - septick shock, vascular leak, leukocyte recruit, granulomas
140
D1 and D2
S and I
141
H1 and H2
Q and S
142
V1 and V2
Q and S
143
what is required for Purine synthesis
Ribose 5 phosphate, glycline, asparate, and glutamine
144
what is quired for pyrimidine synthesis
CO2, Glutamine, asparate
145
Myotonic TYpe 1 dystrophy
CTG repeats in DMPK
146
Fragile X
CGG repeats of FMR1
147
Frederick Ataxia
GAA repeats
148
HD
CAG
149
CYP450 - Chronic Acoholism
Inducer
150
CYP450 - St. Johns Wart
Inducer
151
CYP450 - Phenobarbitol
Inducer - increase ALA synthase in Heme
152
CYP450 Phenytoin
inducer
153
CYP450 Neviripine
Inducer
154
CYP450 rifampin
inducer
155
CYP450 Griseofulvin
inducer
156
CYP450 Carbazamine
inducer
157
CYP450 Acute alochol
inhibitor
158
CYP450 Ritonavir
inhibitor
159
CYP450 Amidarone
inhibitor
160
CYP450 Cimetidine
inhibitor
161
CYP450 ciprr
inhibitor
162
CYP450 ketoconazole
inhibitor
163
CYP450 sulfonamides
inhibitor
164
CYP450 isoniazid
inhibitor
165
CYP450 valproate
inhibitor
166
CYP450 Grapefruit juice
inhibitor
167
CYP450 Quinidine
inhibitor
168
CYP450 Macrolides
inhibitor - excep axithromycin
169
Sjogrens
Anti Ro and La (riboncueloprotein)
170
Sclerodorma
AntiSCL70 (topo I), anti RNA pol III
171
mixed CT disease
anti U1 RNP (splicing)
172
Dermatomyosits - cell
CD4
173
Polymyocytis cell
CD8
174
Dermato/polymyocitis
Anti- Jo1 (histidyl-tRNA), anti SRP (signal recognition protein in translocation to ER), anti Mi2 (helicase)
175
Additions antibodie
Anti 21 or 17 hydroxylase
176
HLA-A3
hemochromatosis
177
hemochromatosis - HLA
A3
178
DR2 -
MS, SLE, Goodpastures
179
DQ2
Celiac
180
DQ8
Celiac
181
DR3
Graves, T1D, Hashimotos, SLE, Addisons
182
DR4
RA, T1D, temporal arteritis, addision
183
DR5
hashimotos
184
Graves HLA
DR3
185
Celiac HLA
DQ2 and DQ8
186
SLE HLA
DR2 and DR3
187
Good pastures HLA
DR2
188
T1D HLA
DR3 and DR4
189
Addison HLA
DR3 and DR4
190
Hashimotos hLA
DR5
191
Blood:Gas ratio (high)
high solubility (more protein bound)- slow onset and offset
192
Blood:gas ratio (low)
low solubility - fast onset and offset
193
effects of inhaled anesthetics
increase ICP, decrease HR and BP, decrease tidal volume but increase RR, decrease fenal flow
