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STEP 2 CK > STEP 2CK deck 2 > Flashcards

STEP 2CK deck 2 Flashcards

(163 cards)

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1
Q

Antibodies for scleroderma

A

Antinuclear Ab
Anti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl-70) ab
Anticentromere ab

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2
Q

S/S medial meniscus tear

A 
popping at time of injury
sense of instability
effusion 
reduced extension 
joint catching
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3
Q

When to suspect herpetic whitlow

A

Young pt
multiple sexual partners
Painful vesicular hand rash

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4
Q

Most common type of shoulder dislocation

A

Anterior dislocation after direct blow or FOOSA

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5
Q

Signs of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Holding arm slightly abducted and externally rotated

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6
Q

Common cause of posterior shoulder dislocations

A

seizures or electrocution

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7
Q

s/s posterior shoulder dislocation

A

Holding shoulder in adduction and internal rotation

Flatened anterior aspect of shoulder

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8
Q

Anticardiolipin Ab

A

antiphospholipid syndrome

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9
Q

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Ab

A

RA

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10
Q

Anti-smooth muscle ab

A

AIH

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11
Q

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab

A

GPA (wegener)

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12
Q

Cause of edema in hands and feet in kid with Turner syndrome

A

Congenital lymphedema

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13
Q

Diagnostic test for acute diverticulitis

A

Abd CT w/ contrast

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14
Q

When to do surgery for PAS

A

limb-threatening complication (non healing ulcer), significant limitation in ADLs, failure to respond to exercise and meds

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15
Q

Treatment for Bipolar I

A

Quetapine, lurasidone
Lamotrigine

NOT SSRI

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16
Q

Prenatal labs in initial visit

A 
Rh(D) type and Ab screen
CBC
HIV, Syph, hep B
Rubella and varicella immunity
Pap
CG PCR
Urine Cx and protein
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17
Q

prenatal labs at 24-28wks

A

Hbg
Ab screen if Rh(D) neg
50g 1h GCT

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18
Q

When to do GBS test for pregnancy

A

35-37 wks

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19
Q

Most common cause of spontaneous lobar (parietal and occipital) hemorrhage

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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20
Q

Meningeal artery tear

A

epidural hemorrhage

biconvex

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21
Q

Rupture of bridging veins

A

Subdural hematoma

crescent shaped

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22
Q

Egg shell calcifications of liver mass

A

Hydatid cyst from echinococcus granulosus

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23
Q

Causes of osteoporosis

A

Chronic inflammation
Steroids
lack of physical activity
Vit D deficiency

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24
Q

RA
Neutropenia
Splenomegaly

A

Felty syndrome

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25
Sjogren Ab
Anti Ro and La
26
Enthesitis
inflammation at tendon insertion sites | Associated with AS, psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis
27
First test to order for SLE
ANA
28
Causes of gout
Increased rate production: primary, myeloproliferative, tumor lysis syndrome, HGPT deficiency Decreased rate clearance: CKD, thiazide/loop diuretics
29
Signs of missed abortion
Closed cervix No bleeding No fetal cardiac activity or empty sac
30
Signs of threatened abortion
Vaginal bleeding Closed cervical os Fetal cardiac activity
31
Signs of inevitable abortion
vaginal bleeding Dilated os might see products of conception
32
signs Incomplete abortion
Bleeding dilated os some products of conception expelled
33
signs of complete abortion
Vaginal bleeding or not closed os no products
34
How to treat if woman tests + for CT but - GC
Azithromycin only
35
Fetal complication of preeclampsia
small for gestational age from chronic uteroplacental insufficiency
36
What is considered arrest of active phase of labor
no cervical change for >4hrs with adequate contractions (>200) OR No cervical change for >6hr w inadequate contractions
37
Etiology of early decelerations
Fetal head compression
38
Etiology of Late decelerations
Uteroplacental insufficiency
39
Etiology of variable decelerations
Cord compression Oligohydramnios Cord prolapse (recurrent=fetal hypoxemia)
40
Anti-beta2-glycoprotein Ab
antiphospholipid syndrome
41
Uterotonics
Oxytocin and misoprostol
42
What makes a fetus nonviable?
``` Anencephaly Bilateral renal genesis Holoprosencephaly Acardia Thanatophoric dwarfism Intrauterine fetal demise ```
43
Treatment of hypertensive emergency in pregnancy
IV Labetalol IV Hydralazine (if HR low) Nifedipine PO
44
Firm fixed breast mass with fat globules and foamy histiocytes on path
Fat necrosis | post procedure
45
Treatment for asymptomatic bartholin cyst
observation
46
SE SERM
VTE
47
HELLP effects on liver
centrilobular necrosis, hematoma formation, thrombi in portal cap system Leads to liver swelling and distention of capsule
48
Characteristics of acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Nausea, vomiting abd pain elevated LFT Third trimester (leukocytosis, hypoglycemia and AKI possible)
49
Lab findings in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Low LH and FSH | Low estrogen
50
Cause of thrombocytopenia in HELLP
systemic inflammation and activation of coag system
51
What is second stage arrest of labor
>3hr if nulliparous >2hr if multiparous 2nd is 10cm to birth
52
Etiology of second stage arrest of labor
Cephalopelvic disproportion Malposition Inadequate contrations Maternal exhaustion
53
Characterstics of placenta prevue
painless bleeding in third trimester
54
Effects of O mom with AB dad
Baby usually asymptomatic or mild anemia at birth | Can develop jaundice in first 24hrs (responds to phototherapy)
55
Signs of granulosa cell tumor of ovary
Child: precocious puberty Postmenopausal: bleeding/endometrial hyperplasia Large adnexal mass
56
Diagnostic findings in pts w granulosa cell tumor
Elevated estrogen | U/S: ovarian mass, thickened endometrium
57
Treatment for ovarian torsion
laparoscopy
58
S/S placental abruption
third trimester bleeding PAIN abnl FHRT
59
SE oxytocin
Hyponatremia (seizures) Hypotension Tachysystole
60
Treatment for postpartum endometritis
Clinda and gentamicin
61
Clinical features of postpartum endometritis
Fever >24h postpartum Uterine fundal tenderness Purulent lochia
62
S/S hydatidiform mole
``` Abnl vaginal bleeding Uterine enlargement Abnormality elevated beta-hCG Hyperemesis Preeclampsia with severe features hyperthyroid ```
63
Management of PPROM 34-37wks
Antibiotics +/- corticosteroids delivery
64
Risk factors for postpartum urinary retention
Nulliparity Prolonged labor Epidural anesthesia
65
Presentation of CAH
acne, irregular menses, hirsutism Boys with precocious puberty elevated 17 HO progesterone
66
Foodborne dz with mainly vomiting
S. aureus Bacillus cereus Norovirus
67
Foodborne illness with mainly watery diarrhea
``` C. perfringens E. coli Enteric virus Cryptosporidium tapeworms ```
68
Foodborne illness with mainly inflammatory diarrhea
``` Salmonella Campy Shiga E. coli Shigella Enterobacter Vibrio Yersinia ```
69
Causes of AOM
S. pneumo H. flu Moraxella catarrhalis
70
Treatment for AOM
PO amoxicillin
71
Cause of precocious puberty with high LH and high FSH
Gonadotropin dependent (central) percocious puberty
72
Treatment for central precocious puberty
GnRH agonist
73
Risk factors for tinea corporis
Athletes with skin to skin contact Humid environment Contact with rodents
74
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Emesis Diuresis dehydration
75
CF vs primary ciliary dyskinesia
Both: Chronic infections nasal polyps Bronchiectasis Digital clubbing CF: Pancreatic insufficiency Infertility FTT PCD: Situs inversus Infertility Normal growth
76
PPx for sickle cell pt
Vaccination penicillin for S. pneuma until age 5 Folic acid supplement
77
Sickle cell pts are at high risk of getting sepsis from...
S. pneumo H. flu N. meningitidis
78
Diagnostic features of acute bacterial rhino sinusitis
Persistant sx >10d OR Severe sx (fever 39, purulent discharge, face pain >3d) OR Worsening sc >5d after initial improvement
79
Characteristics of constitutional growth delay
delayed growth spurt delayed puberty delayed bone age
80
Clinical findings in congenital CMV
periventricular calcifications plus IGR, HSmegaly, Jaundice, blueberry muffin spots
81
Clinical findings in congenital Toxo
Diffuse intracerebral calcifications Hydrocephalus Deafness severe chorioretinitis
82
Clinical findings in congenital syphilis
``` Rhinorrhea Abnormal long-bone XR Desquamating or bullous rash Saddle nose funny teeth ```
83
Clinical findings in congenital rubella
``` Cataracts PDA deafness jaundice blueberry muffin spots ```
84
Single S2 and cyanosis in <24h
Transposition of great vessels
85
Treatment for transposition of great vessels
prostaglandins
86
Genetics of myotonic dystrophy
AD expansion CTG
87
Myotonic dystrophy S/S
onset 12-30 Facial weakness hand grip myotonia Dysphagia
88
Comorbidities of myotonic dystrophy
arrhythmias cataracts balding testicular atrophy
89
Rocker-bottom feet, overlapping fingers, micrognathia, microcephaly
Trisomy 18 | Edwards syndrome
90
Heart defect associated with trisomy 18
VSD
91
S/S neurofibromatosis 1
Cafe-au-lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding problems, short, LD Fibromas, neurofibromas, optic gliomas
92
S/S Vitamin B2 deficiency
Angular cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis Normocytic anemia Seborrheic dermatitis
93
S/S vitamin B6 deficiency
Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis | Irritability, confusion, depression
94
pt with short stature, primary amenorrhea and absent thelarche
Turner syndrome elevated FSH
95
s/s choanal atresia
cyanosis worse with feeds and relieved by crying | can breath though nose
96
post op Mediastinitis signs
14 days post sternotomy Fever, tachycardia, CP, leukocytosis, sternal wound drainage
97
treatment for mediastinitis
surgical debridement and Abx
98
Dilated common bile duct in the absent of stones, elevated LFT, episodic RUQ pain
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
99
Tx of penile fracture
Retrograde urethrogram
100
Most common solid organ injuries after blunt abdominal trauma
Hepatic laceration and splenic laceration
101
Markers of mixed germ cell tumor
beta HCG | AFP
102
Ddx for anterior mediastinal mass
Thymoma Teratoma Thyroid neoplasm Terrible lymphoma
103
Types of teratomas
seminomatous germ cell tumors from nonseminomatous germ cell tumor
104
Compartment syndrome s/s
``` POOP paresthesia Pain worse with stretch Swelling Paralysis (late) Loss of sensation ```
105
Treatment for anal fissures
High-fiber diet Stool softeners Sitz baths Topical anesthetics and vasodilators
106
s/s ruptured ovarian cysts
Sudden-onset, severe, unilateral lower abd pain after strenuous or sexual activity
107
u/s finding of ruptured ovarian cysts
pelvic free fluid
108
treatment for small pneumothorax
supplemental O2
109
s/s dumping syndrome
Abd pain, diarrhea, nausea Hypotension/tachycardia Dizziness, fatigue, diaphoresis 15-30min after meals
110
Tx of dumping syndrome
small/frequent meals Eat complex carbs and drop simple sugars Incorporate high-fiber and protein-rich foods
111
Pulsatile groin mass below inguinal ligament with anterior thigh pain
Femoral artery aneurysm Associated with AAA
112
Most common peripheral artery aneurysm
popliteal aneurysm
113
Midline sacrococcygeal with mucoid and bloody drainage
Pilonidal disease most commonly young males, obese, sedentary lifestyles
114
s/s hidradenitis suppurativa
multiple, recurrent, painful nodules in axillae, inguinal folds and perineal areas
115
patient with blunt abdominal trauma who is stable with negative FAST but high risk features
subsequent CT scan
116
Possible retropharyangeal abscess comorbidity
Acute necrotizing mediastinitis
117
Management of massive hemoptysis after securing the airway
Bronchoscopy | for finding bleed and therapeutic intervention
118
s/s varicocele
soft scrotal mass that decreases in size in supine position increase in size with standing/valsalva Subfertility Testicular atrophy
119
Risk factors for stress fracture
``` Repetitive activities Abrupt increase in physical activity Inadequate Ca and vit D Decreased caloric intake Female athlete triad ```
120
Acid base irregularity with hypoxemia
Hyperventilation | leads to respiratory alkalosis
121
Work up of a broken clavicle
Angiogram
122
Treatment of new afib in stable pt
Diltiazem
123
Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD
arthritis Eye (uveitis) Pyoderma gangrenosum PSC (UC)
124
Tx for myasthenic crisis
Stop pyrostygmine Intubation IVIG and steroids
125
Another name for pancoast tumor
superior pulmonary sulcus
126
Reasons for valve surgery in the setting of bacterial endocarditis
Significan valve dysfunction Persistent infection or hard to treat Recurrent septic embolization
127
S/S HIT
``` >5d after heparin Plt down >50% bl A or V thrombosis Necrotic skin at injection sites Acute anaphylactoid rxn post injection ```
128
Dx HIT
Serotonin release assay
129
Complications of supracondylar fx of humerus
Brachial a. injury Median nerve injury Cubitus varus deformity Compartment syndrome/Volkmann ischemic contracture
130
What to do before hip surgery
Check for medical stability/ underlying conditions
131
Sequela of spinal cord injury that happens months to years after
syringomyelia post whiplash
132
S/S syringomyelia
decreased strength diminish pain/temp in arms/hands or cape like Preservation of dorsal column
133
S/S patellar bursitis
``` painful swelling erythema decreased active ROM Intact passive ROM ``` *think of the job
134
DVT tx in pt with GFR <30
Unfractionated heparin and warfarin
135
Next step of tx for pt with resolved gallstone pancreatitis
cholecystectomy
136
Which nerve goes though the parotid gland
facial
137
Effect of hypovolemic shock on the heart
small left ventricular cavity with increased EF
138
Effect of succinylcholine on electrolytes
elevated potassium | decrease Na
139
When not to use succ to avoid hyperK
crush injury diffuse muscle atrophy Burn Denervation (stroke, GB, critical illness polyneuropathy)
140
SE TCAD
Cardiac (QRS prolongation) Convulsions Coma (sedation)
141
Timing of alcohol hallucinations
12-48hrs
142
Timing of delirium tremens
2-4d
143
Timing of seizures
12-48hr
144
Escitalopram is a...
SSRI
145
Tx for chronic alcohol use disorder
Naltrexone
146
When to use acamprosate
start when alcohol abstinence achieved MAINTAIN abstinence
147
Treatment for acute dystonia
Benztropine OR Diphenhydramine
148
tx Akathisia
propranolol OR Lorazepam
149
Tx drug induced parkinsonism
Benztropine or amantadine
150
Tx for tardive dyskinesia
No specific tx | switch to clozapine?
151
Brain changes seen on MRI with schizophrenia
Lateral ventricle enlargement and decreased volume hippocampus and amygdala
152
Primary use of Amiodarone
ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of CAD
153
Tests to get before starting Amiodarone
CXR and PFTs TSH LFT
154
S/S pemphigus vulgaris
+Nikolsky + oral mucosa 30-50s IgG on all cells
155
S/S dermatitis herpatiformis
``` Associated with celiac IgA deposition Vesicular lesions Extensor surfaces Buttock ```
156
Contralateral hemiparesis and hemianesthesia | Conjugate gaze deviation toward the lesion
Internal capsule damage
157
Most common site for HTN hemorrhages
lacunar stroke affects basal ganglia (putamen) | cerebellar nuclei, Thalamus and pons
158
S/S basal ganglia hemorrhage
Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss Homonymous hemianopsia Gaze palsy Also can affect nearby structures
159
Medial medullary syndrome
Cont paralysis arm and leg Cont loss position sense Lick the lesion
160
Most sensitive test for HF?
BNP
161
What is reaction formation?
responding in a manner opposite to one's actual feelings
162
What are mature defense mechanisms
sublimation (channeling impulses into socially acceptable behavior) Suppression
163
S/S acute intermittent porphyria
``` Acute abd pain Neurologic abnl (sensory and motor neuropathies, tachycardia) Psychiatric sxs (anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, mood changes, psychosis) ``` onset 30-40

STEP 2 CK (2 decks)

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