Sterilization Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

Asepsis vs sterilization?

A

Asepsis - absence of infectious organisms

Sterilization - complete elimination or destruction of all forms of micribial life

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2
Q

Steos to sterilization?

A
Point of use treatment
Transport to decontamination
Cleaning 
Disinfection
Verification of cleaning process
Inspection and testing 
Instrument  teay or set assembly 
Packaging 
Sterilization 
Storage
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3
Q

Manufacturers instructions are a resource for?

A
Use 
Maintenance 
Cleaning
Decontamination 
Assembly 
Packaging 
Sterilization 
Storage
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4
Q

What is sterilization for surgical items determinded by?

A

Instrument design
Sterilization cycle
Equipment that is included in sterilization load
Packaging system

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5
Q

When in doubt anout how to sterilize or package items what instructions should you follow?

A

Device manufacturers instructions for use

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6
Q

What is the first step to decontamination process?

A

Point of use treatment
(Intra op cleaning)

Reduces formation of biofilm

Wiping instruments with a sponge soaked in sterile water

Flushing the channels and ports with sterile water

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7
Q

Biofilm vs biodurden

A

Biofilm - accumulation of bacteria and other biological elements that creates a tight adhesion to instrument surface

Bioburden - amount of microbial contamination on an instruments surface (biological elements)

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8
Q

Biofilm strength is determined by?

A

Type of bioburden
How much is present
Resistance of the microorganisms

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9
Q

Actions before transport of instruments?

A

Discard sharps
Discard liquids
Separate instruments: sharp, delicate, heavy
Follow manufacturers instructions for disassembly
Moisten instruments sterile water or pre enzymatic pre treatment

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10
Q

When and how to transport items?

A

Done ASAP

closed container/cart

  • leak proof
  • can contain all contents
  • biohazard label
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11
Q

Manual cleaning?

A

Removal of organic and inorganic soil from equipment

First step of decontamination

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12
Q

Water temp for decontamination?

A

Cool water - prevents coagulation of blood

Hot water - makes removal more difficult

Follow manufacturer’s instructions when using detergent

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13
Q

Submersion of instruments?

A

Any instrument that can be should be fully emerged

  • reduces risk of splash or spray
  • avoids aerosolization
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14
Q

Mechanical cleaning?

A

Follows manual cleaning

Provides consistent concentrations of cleaning solutions
Temp control 
Standardized washing and rinsing
Easier monitoring 
Decreased risk of exposure
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15
Q

Types of mechanical cleaning?

A

Washer-disinfector - mechnical and thermal action of machine with chemical action of cleaning agent

Ultrasonic - mechanical cleaning method removes soil from hard to access areas
- high frequency sound waves (cativation)

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16
Q

What do you inspect after cleaning?

A
Cleanliness 
Sharpness 
Complete assembly
Alignment 
Cord/cable integrity 
Functioning capability
17
Q

3 types of testing by decontamination?

A

Swab or strip - swab surface and monitor for color change

Solution vial - swab surface and place in vial and monitor for colour change

ATP - pre treated swab on surface and insert into test device

18
Q

Assembly of tray steps?

A
Completely dry 
Count items
Placed to protect from damage
Ratchets open 
Protective guards on sharp/delicates
Cupped instruments placed down
Dissassembly of detachable parts
Evenly distributed tray weight 
Indicators placed inside and out
Wrapped or placed in container
Label
19
Q

Weight of set?

A

Cannot exceed >25lbs

  • longer drying times
  • increased risk of injury
20
Q

Compatibility of packaging?

A

Packaging needs to be compatible with sterilization method

Ex. Hydrogen peroxide requires non woven pouches or reusable containers cause it can be absorbed by porous wraps which affects sterilization

21
Q

Chemical indicators?

A

Test sterilization
Monitor presence of 1 or more sterilization parameters

Can be:
Internal - verify one or more of the conditions have been met

External- verify packaging has been exposoded to sterilization process

22
Q

Chemical indicator classes?

A

1 - process indicator ex tape
2 - specialty indicator ex tests for air
3 - single parameter ex reacts to one parameter (steam time/temp)
4 - multiparameter ex reacts to 2 or more
5 - integrating indicators ex package has been exposed to all critical elements
6 - emulating indicator ex reacts to all critical parameters

23
Q

Biological indicators?

A

Used to monitor efficacy of sterilizer

Quality test to ensure non pathogenic spores housed within BI were killed
- run each day and every load with impants

If test neagtive conditions were met

If positive report immediately and do not use sterilizer

24
Q

Package labels

A

Sterilizer tracking
Cycle identification
Personnel involved
Description of contents

25
Steam sterilizers? And 2 types?
Most common Uses pressurized saturated steam 1. Dynamic air removal - vacuum pulls out air 2. Gravity displacement - removal of air by gravity - air is replaced by steam
26
Chemical sterilization and types?
Items that cannot handle high heat and moisture Hydrogen peroxide - vapor, low temp Peracetic acid - items must be immersed Ethylene oxide - toxic/carcinogen Dry heat - causes coagulation of proteins, requires high temps
27
Storage of items?
``` Limit exposure to: Dust Air movement Pests/vermin Humidity Handling Temp extremes ```
28
Event related elements that affect shelf life?
Packing of item Storage conditions Transport Frequency and methods of handling
29
Why is wet instruments bad?
Moisture creates pathway for microorganisms to enter processed package Wet = contaminated
30
Causes of wet packs?
Sterilizer malfunction Incorrect loading of instrument cart Storage conditions Packaging errors
31
5 physical parmeters for sterilization?
``` Time Temp Pressure Humidity Gas concentration ```
32
Spaulding classification system
Critical - used in sterile tissue Semi critical - touches intact skin or mucous membranes Non critical - touches intact skin
33
4 parameters that affect steam sterilization?
Steam saturation Pressure Time Temp
34
Bowie dick test tests for what?
Air removal
35
Drying time for sterilized instruments?
1hr
36
Internal vs external indicators?
Internal - states if parameters have been met External - cannot say if sterile. States package has been exposed to sterilization process
37
Define disinfection?
A chemical or physical process of destroying ALL pathogenic microorganisms except spores High - kills some spores but not CJD (mad cow) Intermediate Low
38
Immediate use steam sterilizer
For urgent/unplanned need | No implants