Steroids

Question 1

Name the sex steroids

Answer 1

Androgens

Estrogens

Progestagens

Question 1

What is the receptor for testosterone?

Answer 1

Nuclear androgen receptor

Question 2

What does Leuprolide do?

Answer 2

Lowers testosterone

Question 2

What is the primary mineralocorticoid?

Answer 2

Aldosterone

Question 2

What is the physiological effect of aldosterone?

Answer 2

Increased reabsorption of sodium and water > increase blood volume and pressure

Question 3

What is the precursor steroid of oestrogen?

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

What does Corticotropin releasing hormone control?

Answer 4

Corticosteroids

Question 5

Which P450 eliminates steroids?

Answer 5

CYP3A4

Question 6

In general terms, how do glucocorticosteroids depress the immune system?

Answer 6

Inhibit cytokine production

Question 6

Which steroid does dexamethasone mimic?

Answer 6

Cortisol

Question 7

What are androgens?

Answer 7

The class of steroids that control male development - eg testosterone

Question 8

Do women produce testosterone?

Answer 8

Yes - a small quantity in the ovaries and placenta

Question 9

When is cyproterone acetate indicated?

Answer 9

Hirsutism in females

Male to female sex change

• as it blocks the effect of testosterone

Question 10

What are the effects of exogenous anabolic steroids?

Answer 10

Increase production of actin and myosin

Block the protein catabolism by cortisol

Increase BMR to reduce fat

Question 11

What is cyproterone acetate?

Answer 11

A synthetic steroid inhibitor of androgen receptor

Question 12

What stimulates cortisol synthesis and release?

Answer 12

ACTH

Question 14

What are the controllers of aldosterone production?

Answer 14

Angiotensin II

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Local K levels

Question 15

What are the physiological effects of cortisol?

Answer 15

Stimulate protein catabolism

Inhibit protein synthesis

Increases blood glucose level

Inhibits the utilisation of glucose by adipose tissue

Facilitates lipid breakdown in major adipose tissue to FAs

Promotes weight gain by stim. appetite and excessive eating

Question 16

Which part of the adrenal gland produces cortisol?

Answer 16

Zona fasciculata

Question 16

What is tested for in pregnancy tests?

Answer 16

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 18

How are sex steroid levels altered in breast and prostate cancer treatment?

Answer 18

They are lowered

Question 19

Where in the cell does squalene get converted into cholesterol?

Answer 19

ER

Question 20

What is the major glucocorticoid steroid?

Answer 20

Cortisol

Question 22

Where is aldosterone produced?

Answer 22

The adrenal cortex

Question 23

Where is GnRH released?

Answer 23

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone - the hypothalamus

Question 24

What is the name of the important enzymes in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?

Answer 24

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 25

Which steroid is indicated in asthma?

Answer 25

Prednisolone

Question 26

What is the carrier molecule for sex steroid in the blood?

Answer 26

Sex-hormone binding globulin

Question 27

What is 17beta-estradiol?

Answer 27

The primary female sex hormone - comes from progesterone

Question 29

What are the types of corticosteriods?

Answer 29

Glucocorticords and mineralocorticoids

Question 29

How are signals from steroids transducted in their target cells?

Answer 29

Binding to nuclear receptors and changing gene expression

Question 30

Which cells produce testosterone?

Answer 30

Leydig

Question 32

Which steroid is the most abundant?

Answer 32

Cholesterol

Question 34

What is Beclomethasone nasal spray indicated for?

Answer 34

Treat nasal symptoms of allergies

Question 35

What is difference between the signal transduction of sex steroids and adrenal steroids?

Answer 35

Adrenal steroids bind to a cytoplasmic receptor which is inhibited by a heat shock protein The sex steroids bind to a nuclear receptor in the nucleus that isn't inhibited

Question 36

What is leuprorelin? What is its physiological effect?

Answer 36

An analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone - blocks the stimulation of its receptor therefore blocking stimulation of secretion of LH and FSH

Question 37

What does Tamoxifen do?

Answer 37

Partial agonist of oestrogen receptor in Uterus, bone and CVS Antagonist in breast and CNS

Question 38

What does renin do?

Answer 38

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I