[STEVENS] Immunity Qs

Question 1

Which WBC is capable of further differentiation in tissues?
a. Neutrophil
b. Eosinophil
c. Basophil
d. Monocyte

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The cells that Metchnikoff first observed are associated with which phenomenon?
a. Innate immunity
b. Adaptive immunity
c. Humoral immunity
d. Specific immunity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Where are all undifferentiated lymphocytes made?
a. Bone marrow
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. Lymph nodes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How do NK cells differ from T cells?
a. NK cells are better at phagocytosis than T cells.
b. NK cells require the thymus for development, and T cells do not.
c. Only NK cells are found in lymph nodes.
d. Only NK cells are able to kill target cells without prior exposure to them.

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Which cell is the most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue?
a. Neutrophil
b. Dendritic cell
c. Eosinophil
d. Basophil

Answer 5

B

Question 6

The ability of an individual to resist infection by means of normally present body functions is called
a. innate immunity.
b. humoral immunity
c. adaptive immunity.
d. cross-immunity.

Answer 6

A

Question 7

A cell characterized by a nucleus with two to five lobes, a diameter of 10 to 15 µm, and a large number of neutral-staining granules is identified as a(n)
a. eosinophil.
b. monocyte.
c. basophil.
d. neutrophil.

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?
a. Lymph node
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. MALT

Answer 8

C

Question 9

What type of cells would be found in a primary follicle?
a. Unstimulated B cells
b. Germinal centers
c. Plasma cells
d. Memory cells

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of B cells?
a. Act as helper cells
b. Presence of surface antibody
c. Able to kill target cells without prior exposure
d. Active in phagocytosis

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Where do lymphocytes mainly come in contact with antigens?
a. Secondary lymphoid organs
b. Bloodstream
c. Bone marrow
d. Thymus

Answer 11

A

Question 12

Which of the following is found on the T-cell subset known as helpers?
a. CD19
b. CD4
c. CD8
d. CD56

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Which of the following statements best characterizes adaptive immunity?
a. Relies on normally present body functions
b. Response is similar for each exposure
c. Specificity for each individual pathogen
d. Involves only cellular immunity

Answer 13

C

Question 14

The main function of T cells in the immune response is to
a. produce cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity.
b. produce antibodies.
c. participate actively in phagocytosis.
d. respond to target cells without prior exposure.

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of antibodies?
a. Phagocytosis
b. Neutralization of bacterial toxins
c. Recruitment of macrophages
d. Activation of T cells

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Immunity can be defined as
a. the study of medicines used to treat diseases.
b. a specific population at risk for a disease.
c. the condition of being resistant to disease.
d. the study of the noncellular portion of the blood.

Answer 16

C

Question 17

A blood cell that has reddish-staining granules and is able to kill large parasites describes
a. basophils.
b. monocytes.
c. neutrophils.
d. eosinophils

Answer 17

D

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes a lymph node?
a. It is considered a primary lymphoid organ.
b. It removes old RBCs.
c. It collects fluid from the tissues.
d. It is where B cells mature.

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Antigenic groups identified by different sets of antibodies reacting in a similar manner to certain standard cell lines best describes
a. cytokines.
b. clusters of differentiation (CD).
c. neutrophilic granules.
d. opsonins.

Answer 19

B

Question 20

The enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is called
a. opsonization.
b. agglutination.
c. extravasation.
d. Chemotaxis.

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Which of the following plays an important role as an external defense mechanism?
a. Phagocytosis
b. C-reactive protein
c. Lysozyme
d. Complement

Answer 21

C

Question 22

The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except
a. increased blood supply to the area.
b. migration of WBCs.
c. decreased capillary permeability.
d. increase of acute-phase reactants.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity, and the motion of cilia represent which type of immunity?
a. Innate
b. Cross
c. Adaptive
d. Auto

Answer 23

A

Question 24

The structure formed by the fusion of engulfed material and enzymatic granules within the phagocytic cell is called a
a. phagosome.
b. lysosome.
c. vacuole.
d. phagolysosome.

Answer 24

D

Question 25

The presence of human microbiota (normal flora) acts as a defense mechanism by which of the following methods? a. Maintaining an acid environment b. Competing with potential pathogens c. Keeping phagocytes in the area d. Coating mucosal surfaces

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Measurement of CRP levels can be used for all of the following except a. monitoring drug therapy with anti-inflammatory agents. b. tracking the progress of an organ transplant. c. diagnosis of a specific bacterial infection. d. determining active phases of rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 26

C

Question 27

Pattern recognition receptors act by a. recognizing molecules common to both host cells and pathogens. b. recognizing molecules that are unique to pathogens. c. helping to spread infection because they are found on pathogens. d. all recognizing the same pathogens.

Answer 27

B

Question 28

Which of the following are characteristics of acute-phase reactants? a. Rapid increase following infection b. Enhancement of phagocytosis c. Nonspecific indicators of inflammation d. All of the above

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Which is the most potent agent formed in the phagolysosome for the elimination of microorganisms? a. Proteolytic enzymes b. Hydrogen ions c. Hypochlorite ions d. Superoxide

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which acute-phase reactant helps to prevent the formation of peroxides and free radicals that may damage tissues? a. Haptoglobin b. Fibrinogen c. Ceruloplasmin d. Serum amyloid A

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Which statement best describes TLRs? a. They protect adult flies from infection. b. They are found on all host cells. c. They only play a role in adaptive immunity. d. They enhance phagocytosis

Answer 31

D

Question 32

The action of CRP can be distinguished from that of an antibody because a. CRP acts before the antibody appears. b. only the antibody triggers the complement cascade. c. binding of the antibody is calcium-dependent. d. only CRP acts as an opsonin.

Answer 32

A

Question 33

How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity? a. Innate immunity requires prior exposure to a pathogen. b. Innate immunity depends upon normally present body functions. c. Innate immunity develops later than adaptive immunity. d. Innate immunity is more specific than adaptive immunity.

Answer 33

B

Question 34

A 40-year-old male who is a smoker develops symptoms of premature emphysema. The symptoms may be caused by a deficiency of which of the following acute-phase reactants? a. Haptoglobin b. Alpha1-antitrypsin c. Fibrinogen d. Ceruloplasmin

Answer 34

B

Question 35

Which statement best describes NK cells? a. Their response against pathogens is very specific. b. They only react when an abundance of MHC antigens is present. c. They react when both an inhibitory and activating signal is triggered. d. They are able to kill target cells without previous exposure to them.

Answer 35

D

Question 36

Which MHC molecule is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4+ T cells? a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. No MHC molecule is necessary.

Answer 36

B

Question 37

Which would be characteristic of an immune response to a T-independent antigen? a. The IgG antibody is produced exclusively. b. Large numbers of memory cells are produced. c. Antigens bind only one receptor on B cells. d. Antigens are often polysaccharides.

Answer 37

D

Question 38

Humoral immunity refers to which of the following? a. Production of antibody by plasma cells b. Production of cytokines by T cells c. Elimination of virally infected cells by cytotoxic cells d. Downregulation of the immune response

Answer 38

A

Question 39

Where does antigen-independent maturation of B lymphocytes take place? a. Bone marrow b. Thymus c. Spleen d. Lymph nodes

Answer 39

A

Question 40

In the thymus, positive selection of immature T cells is based upon recognition of which of the following? a. Self-antigens b. Stress proteins c. MHC antigens d. µ chains

Answer 40

C

Question 41

Which of these is/are found on a mature B cell? a. IgG and IgD b. IgM and IgD c. α and β chains d. CD3

Answer 41

B

Question 42

How do cytotoxic T cells kill target cells? a. They produce antibodies that bind to the cell. b. They engulf the cell by phagocytosis. c. They stop protein synthesis in the target cell. d. They produce granzymes that stimulate apoptosis.

Answer 42

D

Question 43

Which of the following can be directly attributed to antigen-stimulated T cells? a. Humoral response b. Plasma cells c. Cytokines d. Antibody

Answer 43

C

Question 44

Which is a distinguishing feature of a pre-B cell? a. µ chains in the cytoplasm b. Complete IgM on the surface c. Presence of CD21 antigen d. Presence of CD25 antigen

Answer 44

A

Question 45

When does genetic rearrangement for coding of antibody light chains take place during B-cell development? a. Before the pre-B cell stage b. As the cell becomes an immature B cell c. Not until the cell becomes a mature B cell d. When the B cell becomes a plasma cell

Answer 45

B

Question 46

Which of the following antigens is found on “helper” T cells? a. CD4 b. CD8 c. CD11 d. CD21

Answer 46

A

Question 47

Which of the following would represent a DN thymocyte? a. CD3+CD4–CD8+ b. CD3–CD4+CD8– c. CD3+CD4–CD8– d. CD2–CD3–CD4+CD8–

Answer 47

C

Question 48

Which of the following best describes the TCR for antigen? a. It consists of IgM and IgD molecules. b. It is the same for all T cells. c. It is present in the DN stage. d. α and β chains are unique for each antigen.

Answer 48

D

Question 49

Laboratory results belonging to a 3-year-old patient showed the following: normal CD4+ T-cell count, normal CD19+ B-cell count, low CD8+ T-cell count. Which aspect of immunity would be affected? a. Production of antibody b. Formation of plasma cells c. Elimination of virally infected cells d. Downregulation of the immune response

Answer 49

C

Question 50

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of adaptive immunity? a. Ability to fight infection b. Ability to remember a prior exposure to a pathogen c. A similar response to all pathogens encountered d. Process of phagocytosis to destroy a pathogen

Answer 50

B

Question 51

Clonal deletion of T cells as they mature is important in which of the following processes? a. Elimination of autoimmune responses b. Positive selection of CD3/TCR receptors c. Allelic exclusion of chromosomes d. Elimination of cells unable to bind to MHC antigens

Answer 51

A

Question 52

Where are germinal centers found? a. In the thymus b. In the bone marrow c. In peripheral blood d. In lymph nodes

Answer 52

D