STI Flashcards by ALIYAH VILLAPANDO

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another with intimate contact with the genitalia, mouth or rectum

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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STI’s can’t be transmitted from toilet seats, towel, or bed linens.

TRUE or FALSE?

True - As causative agents for these infections survive only briefly outside or at warm environments.

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Hemophilus Vaginitis

Etiologic Agent: Gardnerella vaginalis

Bacterial Vaginosis

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Gray vaginal discharge with a “fishy” or “musty” odor

Bacterial Vaginosis

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Diagnostic test for Bacterial Vaginosis

NSS Testing or 10% KoH

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Topical Management of Bacterial Vaginosis

Metronidazole (Flagyl) - 0.75% vaginal gel

Clindamycin - 2% vaginal cream

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Oral Management for Bacterial Vaginosis

Metronidazole - 500 mg BID for 5 days

Clindamycin - 300 mg BID

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Also known as yeast infection

Candidiasis

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Thrives for glycogen

Candidiasis

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Risk factors of Candidiasis

Pregnancy
Oral contraceptives
Antibiotic Therapy
Immunosuppression
Diabetes Mellitus

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What is the effect to the newborn if candidiasis if still present after childbirth and left untreated?

Oral thrush

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Thick and yellow vaginal discharge
- Cream cheese like

Candidiasis

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Diagnostic test for Candidiasis

KOH Wet Smear
Checking of vaginal pH
- Normal instead of acidic

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Vaginal suppositories and cream management for Candidiasis

Miconazole (Monistat)
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
both for 7 days

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Oral management for Candidiasis

Fluconazole - for 7 days
Diflucan - Single dose

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Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection

Chlamydia

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Heavy, grayish-white discharge

Chlamydia

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Infants born through an infected birth cana (chlamydia) may acquire which infections?

25.50% exposed infants - conjunctivitis
10-20% exposed infants - pneumonia

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Diagnostic test for Chlamydia

Cervical culture during 1st prenatal visit
- if positive repeat at 36 weeks AOG

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Medical management of Chlamydia

Tetracycline and Doxycycline for non-pregnant women
Amoxicillin or Erythromycine for pregnant women
Azithromycin for pregnant women with difficulties in drinking oral meds (single dose only)

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Highly communicable disease where recent sexual partner should be examined

Gonorrhea

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Yellowish vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea

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Inflamed and painful bartholin’s glands

Gonorrhea

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Diagnostic tests for Gonorrhea

Urine, vaginal and urethral culture

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Fetus may acquire severe eye infection that leads to blindness - and has increased risk for ophthalmia neonatorum

Gonorrhea

Medical Management for Gonorrhea

- Cefixime: 400 mg PO once daily - Ceftriaxone: 125-250 mg IM (once)

Mode of transmission of this infection are: - skin to skin contact (direct contact) - break in the skin or mucous membrane

Herpes Genitalis

Virus can be contained but has no known cure

Herpes Genitalis

Newborns can acquire this infection through NSD

Herpes

Pinpoint vesicles from the external genitalia

Herpes

Flu-like symptoms

Herpes

Intense pain on contact with clothing or acidic urine

Herpes

Diagnostic Test for Herpes

- Vesicle culture - ELISE

When is CS birth scheduled for herpes?

if there are presence of active lesions

When is vaginal birth scheduled for herpes?

If there are no present lesions

Should not abstain from sexual contact while lesions are present. TRUE or FALSE

False - abstinence from sexual contact for 10 days after lesions have healed

What is acyclovir for herpes?

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral that inhibits replication of herpetic virus

What is Foscarnet (Foscavir) for herpes?

It is prescribed for resistant lesions from Zovirax

What is Valacyclovir (Valtrex) for herpes?

Used as a preventive measure to help limit the disease from spreading

Mode of transmission of this infection: - Intimate sexual contact - Parenteral exposure to blood, body fluids and blood-containing products -Perinatal transmission

HIV

Which stage of HIV? - Mononucleosis-like or influenza-like symptoms

Initial Invasion (Acute infection)

Which stage of HIV? - Converts from having no HIV antibodies in the blood serum to having HIV antibodies - Usually happens 6 weeks - 1 year after exposure

Seroconversion

Which stage of HIV? Weight loss and fatigue (3 - 11 years)

Asymptomatic Period

Which stage of HIV? - Opportunistic infections occur - AIDS already

Symptomatic Period

Diagnostic Tests for HIV

ELISA - 1st screening: within 6 weeks to 3 months - 2nd screening: within 6 months Western Blot Analysis (for confirmation) - + with ELISA Screening

Medical Management for HIV

- Acyclovir - Antiretroviral Therapy

Most common viral STI in the ambulatory health care setting

HPV

Elevated bumps on vulva (genital warts)

HPV

Diagnostic Test for HPV

- Pap smear - Histological evaluation biopsy of specimen

Removal of Warts - HPV

Application of podophyllin (Podofin) for small lesions Laser therapy, cryocautery, knife excision for large lesions

Medical management for HPV

- Administer vaccine (GARDASIL) for teenage girls in. 3 doses

Frothy white or grayish-green vaginal discharge with foul odor

Trichomoniasis

Reddened uper vagina

Trichomoniasis

Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes that decrease friction and irritation

HPV

STI that has a great concern on the maternal-fetal population

Syphilis

Cytotrophoblast atrophies and spirochete crosses the placenta

Syphilis

Incubation period of Syphilis

10 - 90 days

Caused due to sudden destruction of spirochetes

Jarisch-Herxcheimer Reaction

Which stage of syphilis? - Small, hard based chancer or sore (painless ulcer) that disappears after 2 - 4 weeks

Primary Stage

Which stage of syphilis? - Skin rashes (soles and palm) - Loss of patches of hair - Secondary symptoms: Malaise, low grade fever

Secondary Stage

Which stage of syphilis? - Gamma formation which affect major body organs

Tertiary Stage

Which stage of syphilis? - Asymptomatic for a few years to several decades - Positive VDRL test

Latent Stage

When is VDRL screening done?

During the first prenatal visit

When is VDRL repeated?

When close to term (8th month)

Infant will be positive of this infection for at least 3 months despite its treatment during pregnancy

Syphilis

- Enlarged liver and spleen - Skin lesions - Rashes - Pneumonia - Hepatitis

Congenital Syphilis

Medical Management for Syphilis?

- Benzathine Penicillin G (pregnancy) - Procaine Penicillin: IM, 750 mg for 10 days - Erythromycin: 500 mg QID, for 14 days (if allergic to penicillin G) - Azithromycin: 500 mg Daily for 10 days (if allergic to penicillin G)