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Y3- I & W > STI > Flashcards

STI Flashcards

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1
Q

which STIs are curable

A

syphilis
gonorrhoea
chlamydia
trichomoniasis

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2
Q

what STIs are uncurable

A

Hep B
Herpes simplex
HIV
HPV

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3
Q

have there been any cases of drug resistant STIs

A

yes 2017 3 cases of N gonorrhoea which is resistant

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4
Q

why was there a steep decline in genital warts since 2014

A

due to girls/boys also getting the HPV vaccine

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5
Q

give examples of bacterial STIs

A

chlamydia
gonorrhoea
syphilis

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6
Q

give examples of parasitic STIs

A

trichomoniasis

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7
Q

how can trichomoniasis be treated

A

single dose antibiotics

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8
Q

how can Herpes/HIV be cured

A

can be modulated but not cured

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9
Q

how can hep B be cured

A

it cannot be cured but antivirals can slow liver damage down

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10
Q

how do we separate diseases

A

non viral

viral

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11
Q

examples of viral STIs

A

HPV
herpes simplex virus 1& 2
hep B
HIV

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12
Q

what are the risk factors of STIS

A 
Unprotected sex 
Oral sex 
Multiple partners- risk is proportional to numbers
Previous STIs 
Alcohol/rec drug misuse 
Injecting drugs
Young( 50% cases is in 15-24 age groups)
Erectile dysfunction medications
Holiday sex
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13
Q

describe syphilis

A

chronic STI
has this outer sheath which impairs the immune system
sexually transmitted
can be vertical syphilis- from mother to baby- congenital syphilis

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14
Q

what is congenital syphilis

A

syphilis from birth from mother to baby via vertical transmission

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15
Q

what bacteria is syphilis from

A

gram -ve bacteria called treponema pallidum

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16
Q

what are the four stages of

A

primary
secondary
latent
tertiary

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17
Q

describe primary syphilis

A

symptoms occur 10-90 days after exposure
lesion( chancre ) at the site of infection
progression to ulcer after 7 days

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18
Q

when do symptoms of primary syphilis start showing

A

10-90 days

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19
Q

what are the symptoms of primary syphilis

A

chancre at the site of infection
painless solitary
can be found on genital/oral area
lymphadenopathy

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20
Q

how does primary syphilis spread

A

via haemtologic and lymphatic dissemination

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21
Q

how does the chancre heal

A

with or without therapy

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22
Q

what histological cells can be seen in the primary syphilis infiltrate

A

plasma cells
macrophages
lymphocytes

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23
Q

what is the treatment for primary syphilis

A

benzathine penicillin

doxycycline

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24
Q

how is primary syphilis diagnosed

A

serology
PCR
darkfield microscopy

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25
when does secondary syphilis occur
2 weeks to 6 mnths post exposure
26
clinical symptoms of secondary syphilis
``` painless superficial lesions of the skin on the palms and soles of feet symmetric rash - on moist areas such as inner thighs, anogenital condylomata lata lymphadenopathy mild fever malaise ```
27
what is condylomata lata
broad based elevated plaques
28
what are the symptoms of secondary syphilis
visual changes- uveitis retinal necrosis CN nerve palsies aseptic meningitis syndrome
29
describe latent syphilis
asymptomatic 1 year post infection symptom relapse due to bacterial replication
30
what are the three components of tertiary syphilis
neurosyphilis cardiovascular syphilis benign tertiary syphilis
31
what are the components of neurosyphilis
· Meningovascular syphilis · General paresis Tapes dorsalis
32
describe meningovascular syphilis
when the syphilis affects the meninges around the brain but also the base
33
what else can we have in meningovascular syphilis
obliterative vascular inflammation heubner arteritis | cerebral gummas what extend into the parenchyma
34
what are cerebral gummas
plasma cell rich lesions
35
what else can syphilis lead to
psychiatric admissions
36
symptoms of tertiary syphilis
``` memory loss personality change depression argyll robertson pupils severe dementia ```
37
what is argyll robertson pupil
when pupils do not constrict to bright lights | bilateral small pupils
38
describe tabes dorsalis
involves the peripheral nerves
39
what are the symptoms of tabes dorsalis
lighting pains ataxia argyll robertson pupil
40
what is ataxia
loss of proprioception
41
describe cardiovascular tertiary syphilis
Inflammation of the proximal aorta | Also can involve occlusion of the vasa vasorum which is scarring of the proximal aortic wall causing loss of elasticity
42
describe gummatous syphilis
formation of gummas in the bone skin and mucous membranes of the upper resp airway
43
what serology can we carry out for syphilis
VDRL- venereal disease research lab | TPPA- treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay
44
what does VDRL show
non specific IgG/IgM | quantitative testing
45
how do we test for neurosyphilis
CSF testing- +ve VDRL and raised WCC
46
which bacteria causes chlamydia
bacteria chlamydia trachomatis
47
describe chlamydia
most common STI in UK | more than 50% cases asymptomatic
48
how does chlamydia affect women
the cervix and or urethra which leads to PV discharge
49
how does chlamydia affect men
urethra leading to dysuria
50
what does chlamydia put you at risk of
Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometriosis Premature births/infertility Reactive arthritis( Reiter syndrome)
51
symptoms of chlamydia
no oral manifestations | sore throat, pharyngitis
52
treatment of chlamydia
antibiotic therapy | azithromycin or doxycycline
53
what bacteria causes gonorrhoea
NEISseria gonorrhoea -ve aerobic
54
describe what happens to women when they have gonorrhoea
urethral/ vaginal discharge and dysuria which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
55
describe what happens to men with gonorrhoea
dysuria urethral discharge epididymis
56
treatment of gonorrhoea
IM ceftriaxone oral cefixime oral azithromycin
57
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
sore throat with redness exudates
58
describe Pelvic inflammatory disease
ascending infection of the vulva vagina which spreads to other areas of female genital systems
59
what are the main causes of pelvic inflammatory disease
gonorrhoea and chlamydia
60
what are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease
``` pelvic pain adnexal tenderness fever discharge puerperal infections post spontaneous abortions ```
61
what are the acute complications of PID
peritonitis and bacteraemia which can cause endocarditis, meningitis
62
what are the chronic complications of PID
infertility and tubal obstruction pelvic pain intestinal obstruction due to adhesions forming
63
what is the treatment of PID
antibiotics
64
describe HPV
causes cervical cancer
65
which strains of HPV are transmitted via oral genital contact
6 and 11
66
how does HPV enter
is the basal epithelial layer through microabrasions in genital skin during sexual contact
67
what is the treatment of HPV
cryotherapy immune modulation surgical
68
which strains of HPV are likely to cause visible warts
16 | 18
69
what are the two types of Herpes simplex virus
HSV-1 | HSV-2
70
how does HSV-1 transmit
transmission oral to oral contact
71
how is HSV-2 transmitted
STI that causes genital herpes
72
what are the symptoms of herpes
painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection
73
describe HSV-1
Cold sores They are vesicles which form larger vesicles Usually found at the mucocutaneus junction of the skin/lips They can rupture/ulcerate to live viral particles and transfer genital infection is due to oral-genital contact
74
what are the symptoms of herpes simplex
Cervical lymphadenopathy Malaise Fever Irritability
75
can we eliminate Herpes simplex
latent in the trigeminal ganglion and reactivate | There is no clue but we can help alleviate symptoms
76
what do antivirals control
the duration frequency severity

Y3- I & W (21 decks)

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