STI/infections Flashcards
(73 cards)
What are the signs and symptoms of measles?
high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots (red/white/blue spots inside the mouth). A rash consisting of red, flat blotches appears 3-5 days after initial symptoms, starting on the face and spreading downward.
What complications can arise from measles?
Complications of measles can include pneumonia, ear infections, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and rarely, death.
How is measles treated?
Treatment for measles involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms. This includes rest, adequate hydration, and medications to reduce fever and discomfort. Vitamin A supplementation is often recommended.
How is mumps transmitted?
Mumps is transmitted through droplets from coughing or sneezing of an infected person.
What are the symptoms of mumps?
Symptoms of mumps include tender swelling of the salivary glands (parotid glands), fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
What are potential complications of mumps?
Complications of mumps can include inflammation of the testicles (orchitis) in males, which can lead to infertility in rare cases, as well as inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis), meningitis, encephalitis, and pancreatitis.
How is mumps treated?
Treatment for mumps involves supportive care, including rest, pain relievers for fever and discomfort, and adequate hydration. Most individuals recover fully within a few weeks.
How is rubella transmitted?
Rubella is transmitted through droplets from coughing or sneezing of an infected person.
What are the symptoms of rubella?
Symptoms of rubella include mild fever, sore throat, runny nose, headache, red eyes, and a fine, pink rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body.
What complications can occur with rubella?
Rubella can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in babies if contracted by pregnant women, causing serious complications such as heart abnormalities, hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays.
How is rubella treated?
There is no specific treatment for rubella itself as it is a viral infection. Supportive care includes rest, fluids, and medications to reduce fever and discomfort. Pregnant women exposed to rubella may receive specialized monitoring and care.
How is chickenpox transmitted?
Chickenpox is transmitted through direct contact with the rash or respiratory droplets of an infected person.
What are the symptoms of chickenpox?
Symptoms of chickenpox include a rash starting on the face, chest, and back, fever, headache, tiredness, and loss of appetite.
What complications can arise from chickenpox?
Complications of chickenpox can include bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, encephalitis, toxic shock syndrome, or death, particularly in adults, newborns, or pregnant women.
How is chickenpox treated?
Treatment for chickenpox includes using medications to reduce fever (such as acetaminophen), applying calamine lotion or colloidal oatmeal baths to soothe itching, and maintaining good hydration. Antiviral medications may be considered for high-risk individuals.
How is polio transmitted?
Polio is transmitted through fecal-oral route, contaminated food or water, or droplets from coughing or sneezing of an infected person.
What are the symptoms of polio?
Symptoms of polio include fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and in some cases, stiffness in the neck and back.
What are the types of polio?
Polio can manifest as non-paralytic polio or paralytic polio, with paralytic polio causing partial or complete paralysis.
How is polio treated?
There is no cure for polio, but treatment focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms. Physical therapy may be recommended for individuals with residual paralysis. Vaccination remains the primary preventive measure.
How is tetanus transmitted?
Tetanus is caused by bacteria Clostridium tetani, which enters the body through cuts, puncture wounds, burns, or breaks in the skin.
What are the symptoms of tetanus?
Symptoms of tetanus include muscle stiffness and spasms, especially in the jaw (lockjaw), neck, abdomen, back, and limbs, along with difficulty swallowing, fever, sweating, elevated heart rate, and high blood pressure.
What are the complications of tetanus?
Complications of tetanus can include breathing difficulties due to muscle spasms affecting the chest muscles.
How is tetanus treated?
Treatment for tetanus involves wound care to remove the bacteria and their toxins, antibiotics to kill the bacteria (such as penicillin or metronidazole), and tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) to neutralize toxins. Supportive care includes managing muscle spasms and ensuring adequate ventilation.
How is influenza transmitted?
Influenza is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking of an infected person.
