STI's CH8 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the most common STI’s among university students?
Chlamydia, HPS, and HERPES.
What are the two major categories of STI’S?
- Bacterial
2. Viral (no cure)
What is Chlamydia Trachomatis? (Symptoms, Diagnosis, consequences of no treatment).
- The most prevalent bacterial STI in Canada
- Rates have been rising steadily since 1997
Symptoms for men: 50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination.
Diagnosis for men: Urine sample.
Symptoms for women: 75% Asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination.
DIAGNOSIS for women: Urine sample or vaginal swab
Consequences of untreated chlamydia: Pelvic inflammatory disease (spread into uterus), epididymitis (Inflammation of epididy).
What is Gonorrhea? (Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)
RATES ARE DECLINING AND LESS COMMON
- The oldest of the sexual diseases. Veneral disease.
- Caused by gonococcus bacteria.
Symptoms in men: White purselike discharge from urethra.
Diagnosis in men: Urine test.
symptoms in women: Usually no symptoms. (maybe slight discharge bc the infection is higher up you don’t always notice that).
Diagnosis In women: Urine test and pelvic exam.
Treatment for both men and women: Antibiotics.
Consequences in women: Pelvic inflammatory disease.
What is Syphilis? Symptoms
Was a pandemic in history
Fairly uncommon now slide 7.
Symptoms: Chancre (shows weeks after infection)
If left untreated can cause damage to nervous system and lead to death.
What are the stages of syphilis?
4 stages: Primary Stage (Chancre- 1-6weeks then goes away) Secondary Stage (Also goes away after a couple of weeks) Latent Syphilis (Bacteria Burrowing in body) Late Syphilis (Heart and blood vessels can be attacked 10 - 40 yrs after infection)
What is Congenital Syphilis?
Syphilis that is present from birth.
How do you diagnose and treat syphilis?
- Difficult to diagnose
- Genital or pelvic exam, Full body exam, Blood tests.
Treatment : Penicillin (2 shots)
What is HPV? and how many different types are there?
Human papillomavirus.
more than 40 diff types that cause genital warts (Type 6 & 11) and cancer. more than 100 strains.
Is HPV reportable?
No, so no national Canadian data.
What are the HPV symptoms, diagnosis and treatment?
SYMPTOMS:
90% of people are asymptomatic
genital warts appearing on the genitals. (go away within 2 years)
DIAGNOSIS: Inspection of the warts.
TREATMENT: Creams, Freezing.
Can you get warts in your moth from HPV?
yes from strains 6, 11 & 12 but not typical.
Related to throat and mouth cancer
What is the HPV vaccine called?
Gardasil (2019)
Protects against 9 types of HPV
What are the types of Herpes?
Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.
What are the types of Herpes?
Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.
What the herpes symptoms, and treatment?
Symptoms:
-Small, painful blisters on the genitals (thighs too)
-Most contagious during an active outbreak.
NOTE, first outbreak most painful and there is variation in how often you have outbreaks
Treatment:
-No cure
-Drugs like Valtrex can reduce frequency of outbreaks and make transmission less likely.
What are the psychological impacts of herpes?
There are ranges of responses:
STI-related Stigma (Awareness that people are judged)
STI-related shame (Ones views about oneself)
- Better outcomes for those who have fewer outbreaks.
- Foster & Byers= most people adjust well and have satisfying sexual lives.
What are the most notable dates of HIV & AIDS?
Origin - Similar to a virus in primates. (Began when cutting of primates for meat happened and transferred through blood somehow.)
1981 - First identified in the USA
1982 - FIRST case in Canada
1984 - HIV was identified (cause of aids)
Currently - a global pandemic, only 46% have access to treatment.
how is HIV & AIDS transmitted?
- Exchange of bodily fluid (semen, vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk).
-IN CANADA there is new cases in the following groups:
Men who have sex with men 54%
heterosexuals who have sex with someone who is infected 19%
heterosexuals who came from an AIS epidemic country 14%
people who inject drugs 13%
What are the highest risk behaviours for transmitting HIV & AIDS?
Anal intercourse and vaginal intercourse.
micro tears allow for it to enter the other persons body.
What are the four stages of HIV Infection?
- Primary/acute infection - 2-4 weeks after exposure; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
- Chronic asymptomatic infection - Virus replications; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
- Chronic symptomatic HIV infection - Virus has reduced T4 cells, body is not able to fight off infections; non-specific symptoms.
- AIDS-defining conditions - Life threatening opportunistic infections take over (pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma.
How do we diagnose and treat HIV AIDS?
Blood test.
- ELISA = test for antibodies, some false positives.
- Western Blot
- Rapid 60 second test
- Home test kit.
Treatment: No cure HAART - makes it manageable but a lot of side effects. *Adherence* Highly active anti retroviral therapy.
What are the psychological impacts of HIV/AIDS?
-Socially stigmatized disease
(healthcare & society)
-Depression (Hopelessness)
-Impact on sexual life (Contagious and don’t wanna spread it)
Why is it challenging to create a vaccine for HIV?
Many different forms of HIV so it’s hard to do.
