STIs and Contraception Flashcards
(41 cards)
bacterial vaginosis
bacterial overgrowth in the vagina caused by excessive douching, sexual intercourse, and perfume/wash
bacterial vaginosis s/s
-thin white grayish discharge with a fishy odor, typically after sexual intercourse
-may be asymptomatic
dx bacterial vaginosis
-positive “whiff test”, vaginal discharge secretions are mixed with k+ hydrogen on a slide, producing a characteristic stale fishy odor
-presence of “clue cells” on wet-mount examination
bacterial vaginosis tx
-metronidazole (Flagyl), 500mg po BID, 7 days
-metrogel (metronidazole, 1 applicatorful PV at HS x5 days
-clindamycin cream 1 applicator PV at HS x7 days
candidiasis
-yeast infection
-fungal in nature, not considered an STI
candidiasis s/s
-thick, white (cottage-cheese-like) or grey discharge
-itchy (mild to extreme)
-common after abx
-can also be in breast or armpits
candidiasis tx
-diflucan 150mg PO 1 dose, may repeat in 3 days
-yogurt with “active cultures”
-various OTC and RX vaginal creams and suppositories available as well
trichomoniasis
-non viral STI
-protozoan in nature
trichomoniasis s/s
-male: may be asymptomatic or itchy/irritated penis
-female: yellow, green frothy discharge, foul odor, not fishy
-dysuria, dyspareunia
trichomoniasis tx
-metrondiazole (Flagyl)
-abstinence (7 days sx free)
chlamydia
-most common bacterial STI
-can be reported without pt consent
-most common infectious cause of infertility in women worldwide, causes scarring in fallopian tubes & can lead to PID
chlamydia s/s
-mucopurulent vaginal discharge (white, cloudy, watery discharge)
-urethritis (men)
-bartholinitis
-cervicitis
-acute urethral syndrome
-ectopic pregnancy
-PID
-infertility
chlamydia testing
-urine testing
-GenProbe (endocervical or vaginal swab)
chlamydia tx
-doxycycline 100mg po bid x7days
-azithromycin 1g po, single dose
-combo of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) with doxycycline or azithromycin (prescribe freq. to cure both chlamydia or gonorrhea
chlamydia test of cure
repeat testing 3-4 weeks after completing therapy, no longer recommended
gonorrhea
-sexually transmitted bacterial infection
-potential for developing resistance to multiple abx classes
-highly contagious
-mandatory reporting to OPH
-travels with chlamydia frequently
gonorrhea s/s
-males: dysuria and urethral discharge
-females: dysuria, yellowish to green discharge, dysmenorrhea
gonorrhea testing
-genprobe
-urine testing
gonorrhea tx
-dual therapy recommended
-ceftriaxone (rocephin) 500mg IM, 1 dose if <150kg or 1gm if >150kg
-azithromycin 1gm x 1 dose
-if cephalosporin allergy, gentamicin 240mg IM- 1 dose, or azithromycin 2gm x 1 dose
-if chlamydia is not ruled out then doxycycline or azithromycin must accompany tx
syphilis
-sexually or transplacental transmitted bacterial infection caused by spirochete
-rapidly penetrates mucous membranes or lesions in the skin, w/in hours enters the lymphatic system and bloodstream & produces a systemic infection, before appearance of lesions
-can cross placenta at any time during pregnancy leading to SAB, low birth weight, growth restriction, MR, multiorgan failure & still birth
-often travels with HIV
-testing at first prenatal appointment
-if not treated leads to neuro damage
primary stage of syphilis
-Single chancre (SHANG-kur) may be multiple sores appearing ~ 21 days from exposure
-Usually (but not always) firm, round, and painless.
-Appears at the location where syphilis enters the body
-Chancres can occur in locations that make them difficult to notice (e.g., the vagina or anus)
-Chancre lasts 3 to 6 weeks and heals regardless of whether a person is treated
-Infection will progress to the secondary stage if the person with syphilis does not receive treatment.
secondary stage of syphilis
-Rash on body usually does not itch
-swollen lymph nodes
-sore throat
-patchy hair loss
-headaches
-weight loss
-muscle aches
-Fatigue
-fever
-Symptoms of secondary syphilis will go away on their own with or without treatment but the disease will progress
latent phase of syphilis
-Period when there are no visible signs or symptoms (Hidden)
-Without treatment, syphilis will remain in the body even though there are no signs or symptoms
-Early latent: infection occurs within the past 12 months.
-Late latent: infection occurs more than 12 months ago
-unknown duration: not enough evidence to confirm initial infection was within the previous 12 months.
-can last for years.
tertiary (late) stage of syphilis
-rare and develops in a subset of untreated syphilis infections.
-Can appear 10–30 years after a person gets the infection & may be fatal.
-May affect multiple organ systems
-Symptoms vary depending on the organ system affected.
