stoich Flashcards by Sarah Boratynec

How many steps does it take to make a net ionic equation

Three

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what is a non ionic equation

Regular balanced chemical equation

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what is a total ionic equation

Everything aqueous broken up into ions

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what is a net ionic equation

what’s left over after you cancel spectator ions

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what are spectator ions

ions the same on both sides

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name the steps to make a net ionic equation in order

non ionic equation
total ionic equation
net ionic equation

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steps for gravimetric stoichiometry

1) write a balanced equation
2) write knowns and unknowns under equation
3) convert given quantities to moles
4) use the molar ratio from the balanced equation to find the moles of unkown
5) convert answer to desired units

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steps for gas stoichiometry

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steps for solutions stoichiometry

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what is a limiting reagent

reactant present in the smallest stoichiometry could amount

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what is the indicator for limiting reagent questions

problem gives 2 masses

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steps for limiting reagent stoichiometry

1) write a balanced equation
2) write knowns and unknowns under equation
3) determine limiting reagent
4) set up ice table
5) answer questions

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what are the steps for determine the limited reagent

1) determine moles of each substance
2) divide each number by their coefficient
3) smaller=limiting reagent bigger=excess

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what are the already known values of an ICE table and what are they

last column of LR=0

first columns of products=0

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how to determine the other values for and ICE table

determine mole values using molar ratio (between LR and what you want to find) and numbers for determining the limiting reagent

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ideal gas law formula

PV=nRT

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steps for balancing an equation

1) balance charges of all compounds in equation

2) add coefficients to balance
- if the element needs an odd number, use that odd number on the element and double ALL other coefficients

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what is percent yield

comparison of the amount obtained to the amount it was possible to make

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what is theoretical yield

amount of of product possible from the perfect reaction

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what is actual yield

amount that one produces and measures

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percent yield formula

actual yield/theoretical yield (100)

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how to determine charge of an element if not listed

10-group #

10-last digit of group # (if 2 digits)

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steps for percent yield

1) follow the same steps for limiting reagent stoich
2) determine mass of theoretical yield
3) plug values into percent yield formula and solve

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examples of qualitative experiments

flame test
litmus test
solubility

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what are quantitative experiments

allow measures of amounts to be obtained

example of a quantitiative experiment

titration

what does a design chosen for analysis depend on

equipment time available degree of accuracy required

what is titration used for

determining the amount concentration of substances in a solution

titration procedure

adding a solution from a burette into a measured fixed volume of another solution in an erlenmeyer flask until the reaction is judged to be complete

titrant vs. sample

titrant- solution added sample-solution titrant is added to

what is equivalent point

point during titration at which the exact theoretical chemical amount or titrant has been added to the sample

how to measure the equivalent point experimentally

look for a sudden change in an observable property (colour)

what is a burette

precisely marked glass cylinder with a stopcock at one end

what does a burette do

allows precise measurement and control of the volume of reacting solution

what is the endpoint

the last drop of titrant changes the indicator colour permanently throughout the flask

what is the initial reading

made before any titrant is added to the sample

what is the final reading

made after reaction is complete

formula for volume of titrant added

volume of titrant added=initial reading/final reading

what is important near the endpoint

continuous gentle swirling

why should titration involve several trials

to improve reliability of answer

what is the volume range for titration

plus or minus 0.2

what is titration error

any difference between titrate volumes at the observed (empirical end point) and the theoretical equivalence point

steps for titration stoichiometry

1) disregard any trial that doesn’t fit within range 2) determine average volume (keep 1 extra digit) 3) start and finish solutions stoich with new volume

What is a qualitative characteristic

A description of something that doesn’t involve numbers or units of measurement

Examples of qualitative characteristics

Color, solubility

What is ion colour used for

colour of substance is used to identify ions/compounds within a substance

What are solubility rules used for

used to determine the presence of certain ions in a solution

general rule for solving stoich problems with a curveball

if there isn’t a given mass to concert to moles for step 3 use the appropriate formula

when is the only time you use coefficients

molar ratio

what is a combustion reaction

something that reacts with O2

what is the flame test

procedure used to detect the presence of certain metal ions based on each elements characteristic emission spectrum

2 things the flame colour depends on

ions present temp

what does the flame test rely on

subjective experience of experimenter rather than any objective measurements

flame test procedure

introducing a sample of the element/compound to a hot nonluminous blue Bunsen and observing the colour that results

things you have to label for ph curve

both axis equivalent point endpoint

describe line for base ph curve

starts high and goes down

describe line for acid ph curve

starts low and goes up

what determines the type of ph curve

whether the sample is an acid or base

where is the sample

in flask

where is the titrant

in burette

what do combustion reactions produce

CO2 and H2O

what do you make sure of when calculating molar mass

THAT IT IS RIGHT

what state is percipitate

solid

what about both numbers in percent yield

need to be in the same unit

what about the actual yield

MAKE SURE YOU KNOW FOR SURE WHICH NUMBER IT IS

what value do you have to find using stoich to calculate percent yield

theoretical value of the produced mass they give you

when do charges not have to balance

when both are a negative number

what order should you balance in (coefficients)

CHO

you still have to carry down the coefficients to the ____

total ionic equation

what to remember when splitting aqueous into charges

some have a charge greater than 1

if a diatomic/an subscript that isn’t part of an ion need to show a charge what do you do

use appropriate coefficient

what state is HOH in even if it has OH- in it

liquid

how to write water for net ionic equations

HOH

if balancing is weird (like there are elements in multiple diff spots on one side) what do you do?

try 2 as a coefficient for one of them

when asked what the spectator ions are, what don’t they have

a coefficient

when does subscript trump the coefficient

when ions that have more than one need to show a charge because they’re aqueous

what is ppm

the mass in mg of solute in every litre of solution

pressure conversions

1 atm= 101 kpa=760 torr=760 mmhg

ppm formula

mass of solute(mg)/ mass of solution (kg)

percentage by volume formula

volume of solute (ml)/ volume of solution (ml) times 100

percentage weight by volume formula

mass of solute (g)/ mass of solution (ml) times 100

percentage weight by weight formula

mass of solute (g)/ mass of solution (g) times 100

will mass of this completely react with this other elements means?

is the the LR

where is end point on graph

on curve at ph 7

where is equivalent point on graph

on x axis that lines up with ph 7

even if the compound doesn’t have an ion in it it can still be ____

AQEUOUS

how many times do you check the solubility table when determine states for net ionics

TRIPLE FUCKING CHECK

how many times do you check the charges for net ionic equations

CHECK TWICE

stoich Flashcards

(88 cards)