Stomach

Question 1

Rugae

Answer 1

Located on mucosal layer
Large, longitudinal folds
Allow the stomach to expand when needed

Question 2

Main function

Answer 2

Food storage and digestion

Question 3

Chyme

Answer 3

Chemical breakdown of food

Bolus –> becomes chyme in the stomach

Question 4

Cardia

Answer 4

Small
1st top/part
Surrounds cardial orifice (through which food enters the stomach from the esophagus)

Question 5

Fundus

Answer 5

Stomach’s dome-shaped part

Beneath diaphragm and bulges above the cardia

Question 6

Body

Answer 6

Mid-portion

Continuous with pyloric part

Question 7

Pyloric region

Answer 7

Terminal part that meets duodenum

Pyloric sphincter: separates stomach from small intestine; controls stomach emptying

Question 8

Mucous neck cells

Answer 8

Secrete mucus

Question 9

Parietal cells

Answer 9

Secrete HCl and IF

HCl: needed for activation of pepsin
IF: intrinsic factor; needed to absorb B-12 vitamin in the small intestine

Question 10

Chief cells

Answer 10

Secrete pepsinogen (inactive pro-enzyme of pepsin)
Secrete lipases

Question 11

Pepsin

Answer 11

1 digestive protein enzyme in the stomach

Question 12

Enteroendocrine cells

Answer 12

Secrete chemical messengers directly into interstitial fluid of lamina propria
D cells
G cells
Enterochromaffin cell
Enterochromaffin-like cells

Question 13

D cells

Answer 13

Secrete somatostatin (inhibitor)

Question 14

G cells

Answer 14

Secrete gastrin (stimulatory; excites parietal cells)

Question 15

Enterochromaffin cells

Answer 15

Secrete serotonin (excites smooth muscles to contract)

Question 16

Enterochromaffin-like cells

Answer 16

Secrete histmine 
   #1 stimulator of HCl

Question 17

PD-1 cells

Answer 17

Secretes ghrelin
Hormone that controls hunger
Starved or in-between meals –> increased gherlin