Stomach

Question 1

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach

Answer 1

Simple columnar

Question 2

What type of cells are found in the mucosa of the stomach

Answer 2

Surface

Regenerative cells

Question 3

What is the function of surface mucous

Answer 3

Produce- thick visible mucus

Secrete- bicarbonate ions

Question 4

what is the lamina propia like in the stomach

Answer 4

Loose, vascular CT, present in small amounts between glands

Question 5

What is the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa in the stomach like

Answer 5

1. Inner circular
2. Outer longitudinal
3. Outermost circular/ oblique

WELL DEVELOPED

Question 6

What is the Submucosa of the stomach like

Answer 6

Highly vascular

Location of AVA= arteriovenous anastomosis TQ

Question 7

What is the function of the AVA

Answer 7

To shut down activity and secretion FAST in the stomach

Question 8

Where is the AVA found?

Answer 8

Submucosa

Question 9

Where is the Meissners plexus located in the stomach

Answer 9

Next to the inner circular layer of muscle in the Submucosa

Question 10

What is the function of submucosal Meissners plexus

Answer 10

To influence the mucosa

I.E.- secretion, blood flow, any limited muscle contractions

Question 11

What is the muscularis externa located in the stomach

Answer 11

Between cardiac region and greater curvature, all smooth muscle

Question 12

What are the three layers of muscularis externa

Answer 12

1. Innermost oblique- sometimes
2. Middle circular- well developed
3. Outer longitudinal- THIN

TQQQQQQQQ

Question 13

Where is the myenteric (Auerbachs) plexus located in the stomach

Answer 13

Between the circular and longitudinal layers of muscle

Function is to stimulate the muscularis externa

Question 14

Where is the serosa located in the stomach

Answer 14

THE ENTIRE STOMACH

Question 15

THe cardiac region of the stomach is special because it

Answer 15

HAS NO CHIEF CELLS

Question 16

What type of cells are in the cardiac region of stomach

Answer 16

Primarily surface mucous, some neck mucous, and few DNES and parietal cells

Question 17

Where does the gastric region at

Answer 17

Gastric glands extend from gastric pit to MM

Question 18

What cell produces intrinsic factor

Answer 18

Parietal

Question 19

What cell produces thick visible mucus

Answer 19

Surface mucus

Question 20

What cell produces pepsinogen

Answer 20

Chief

Question 21

What cell produces HCL

Answer 21

Parietal

Question 22

What cell produces gastrin

Answer 22

DNES

Question 23

What cell produces gastric lipase

Answer 23

Chief

Question 24

Which layer within the ME is not always present

Answer 24

Oblique

Question 25

What is the surface epithelium of the stomach

Answer 25

Simple columnar

Question 26

Isthmus cells produce what

Answer 26

Thick, visible mucus that traps bicarbonate ions. Alkaline

Question 27

What is the function of isthmus cells

Answer 27

To protect mucosa from auto-digestion and the rougher components of chyme

Question 28

What are DNES cells

Answer 28

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 29

What is a type D DNES cell do

Answer 29

Produces somatostatin, inhibits release of hormones by nearby DNES cells and HCL release

Question 30

Type EC DNES cells produce

Answer 30

Serotonin and substance P: increases gut motility

Question 31

What do type G DNES cells do

Answer 31

Produce gastrin, stimulates HCL and pepsinogen secretion, gastric motility, and regenerative cells in body of stomach TQQQQQQQQQ

Question 32

What do neck cells do

Answer 32

Neck mucous cells- produce a soluble, less alkaline mucus. FUnction- to lubricate gastric contents

Question 33

What do regenerative cells do

Answer 33

Replace all cell types!

Question 34

What do parietal (oxyntic) cells do

Answer 34

Add odd columnar cells with intracellular canaliculi Produce strong HCL, made a .8ph and buffer to 1-2ph Intrinsic factor

Question 35

Intrinsic factor is necessary for

Answer 35

Vitamin B12 absorption

Question 36

What is chronic gastritis can lead to pernicious anemia

Answer 36

Low number of parietal cells can lead to low amounts of intrinisic factor which will decrease vitamin B12 absorption which is necessary for RBC maturation

Question 37

What chief cells produce

Answer 37

Pepsinogen to break down proteins Some gastric lipase to break down fats

Question 38

What cells live at the Base of the stomach

Answer 38

Chief Parietal DNES

Question 39

What cells live at the neck

Answer 39

Neck mucus cells Regenerative cells Parietal

Question 40

What cells live at the isthmus

Answer 40

Surface mucous DNES

Question 41

What cells are in the pyloric region of the stomach

Answer 41

Primarily surface mucus, DNES and parietal cells Some neck mucous cells that also produce some lysozyme

Question 42

What is the pyloric sphincter

Answer 42

The anatomical sphincter between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 43

What are the characteristics of an anatomical sphincter

Answer 43

1. Well developed inner circular layer of muscle in ME | 2. Inner circular layer in ME can be independently controlled

Question 44

What are the two causes of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 44

1. Damage to mucus coat 2. Too much HCL and pepsin Helicobacter pylori