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stomach Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

active, non pulsating bleeding

A

IB

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2
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

active, pulsating bleeding

A

IA

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3
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

Adherent clot

A

Grade IIB

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4
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

Non bleeding visible vessel

A

Grade IIA

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5
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

Black dot

A

Grade IIC

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6
Q

Forrest Classification for endoscopic findings

No signs of recent bleeding

A

Grade IIIC

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7
Q

ULcer relieved by eating food

A

duodenal

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8
Q

marked abdominal guarding with rebound tenderness

board-like rigidity

A

perforation

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9
Q

what consists bismuth triple therapy

A

bismuth 2 tabs BID
Metronidazole 250mg TID
Tetracycline 500mg qid

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10
Q

gold standard for tx of ulcer

A

quadruple therapy

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11
Q

what consists quadruple therapy

A

PPI BID
Bismuth 2 tabs QID
Metronidazole 250mg TID
Tetracycline 500mg qid

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12
Q

PPI Triple therapy

A

PPI bid
Amox 1g BID
Clarithromycin 500mg bid

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13
Q

caused by the destruction of the pyloric sphincter causing abrupt delivery of hyperosmolar load to the small intestines

A

dumping syndrome

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14
Q

due to hyperinsulinemia with reactive hypoglycemia

A

late dumping

2-3 hrs after eating

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15
Q

peripheral and splanchnic vasodilatation leading to shock-like symptoms

A

early dumping

15-30 mins after eating

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16
Q

inflamed, beefy red, friable gastric mucosa by endoscopy

A

bile/ alkaline reflux gastritis

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17
Q

tx of bile reflux gastritis

A

frequent meals
antacids
cholestyramine

sx tx: long limb 45cm roux en y hastrojejunostomy

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18
Q

results from functional obstruction due to disruption of normal propagation of pacesetter potentials in the roux limb from the proximal duodenum
altered motility in the gastric remnant

A

roux stasis syndrome

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19
Q

chronic abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting aggravated by eating

A

roux stasis syndrome

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20
Q

dx roux stasis syndrome

A

upper GI series- delayed gastric emptying

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21
Q

tx roux stasis

A

pro motility drugs

near total or total gastrectomy

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22
Q

caused by acute bowel kink, volvulus or internal herniation

duodenal stump blowout from progressive afferent limb dilatation

A

afferent loop syndrome

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23
Q

results from intermittent obstruction of the efferent limb

obstructions are due to internal herniation of the distal intestines behind the efferent limb

A

efferent loop syndrome

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24
Q

uncontrolled secretion of gastrin by pancreatic/ duodenal neuroendocrine tumor

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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25
most common pancreatic tumor in patients with MEN I
Gastrinoma
26
MC location of Ulcers in ZES
Proximal duodenum
27
mc causes of gastric adenoCA
H pylori | autoimmune gastritis
28
describes tumors based on microscopic configuration and growth pattern
Lauren classification
29
type of adenoCA Well differentiated gland structure slow growth
intestinal type
30
type of adenoCA no glands and poorly differentiated small cells grow into the surrounding gastric wall
diffuse type
31
mc location of diffuse type adenoCA
Cardia
32
mc location of intestinal type adenoCA
Distal stomach
33
characterized as the extensive or complete infiltartion of the entire stomach SIGNET RING CELLS
linitis plastica LEATHER BOTTLE STOMACH
34
can detect aoccult metastasis
endoscopic utz
35
sx tx for tumors in distal 75% of the stomach pylorus +2cm of proximal duodenum greater and lesser omentum
radical subtotal gastrectomy billroth II ROUX EN Y gastroduodenostomy
36
sx tx for all lesions in the mid body or fundus linitis plastica Menetrier disease; gastric remnant carcinoma, multiple diffuse gastric polyps
radical total gastrectomy
37
gastrectomy plus resection of n1 and n2 nodes
D2
38
gastrectomy plus resection of n1 and n3 nodes
d3
39
gastrectomy plus complete dissection of n1 nodes
D1
40
gastrectomy plus INcomplete dissection of n1 nodes
D0
41
Paraaortic nodes
N4
42
Nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament, retropancreatic region, celiac plexus, SMA
N2
43
Perigastric nodes along greater and lesser curvature
N1
44
MC type of gastric lymphoma
non hodgkin | b cell type- arise from MALT
45
Non MALT type of Primary gastric lymphoma
high grade lymphoma
46
tx of high grade type lymphoma
inactivation of p53 tumor supressor gene; expression of the replication error phenotype, c-myc proto oncogene mutation
47
arise from the interstitial cells of cajal doughnut sign
GIST
48
Prognostic factors of GIST
Tumor size; mitotic count
49
GIST mode of metastasis
hematogenously
50
tumor markers of GIST
c KIT (CD 117) and CD 34
51
sx treatment GIST
Wedge resection with negative margins
52
tx for unresectable, metastatic GIST
Imatinib (Gleevec)
53
MC type of GIST
Epithelial cell stroma | 2nd- spindle type
54
arise from gastric ECL cells | usually assoc with hepatic metastasis
gastric carcinoids
55
type of gastric carcinoid autoimmune type a chronic atrophic gastritis, w/ or w/o pernicious anemia
TYPE 1
56
type of gastric carcinoid Assoc with ZES and patients with MEN 1
Type 2
57
type of gastric carcinoid sporadic form/ neuroendocrine carcinoma mc in men usually SOLITARY
Type 3
58
localizing test for gastric carcinoid
somatostatin analogue- indium octreotide
59
tx for gastric carcinoid
debulking sx plus somatostatin
60
associated with protein losing enteropathy and hypochlorydia | large rugal folds that spare the antrum
hypertrophic gastropathy (menetrier disease)
61
diffuse hyperplasia of surface mucus-secreting cells and decrease parietal cells
hypertrophic gastropathy (menetrier disease)
62
dilated mucosal blood vessels in the DISTAL stomach
Watermelon stomach ( gastric antral vascular ectasia)
63
dilated mucosal blood vessels in the PROXIMAL stomach
portal gastropathy
64
Elderly women with chronic GI loss | assoc autoimmune Connective tissue d/o
Watermelon stomach ( gastric antral vascular ectasia)
65
TX Watermelon stomach ( gastric antral vascular ectasia)
Endoscopic antrectomy
66
unusually large submucosal artery | congenital AV malformation
dieulafoy lesion
67
endoscopic finding of pulsating blood from a normal appearing gastric mucosa
dieulafoy lesion
68
TX dieulafoy lesion
Endoscopic hemostasis; angiographic embolization oversew or resection
69
regurgitation of feedings projectile non bilous emesis PERISTALTIC GASTRIC WAVES OLIVE SHAPED mass in RU epigastrium
pyloric stenosis
70
tx pyloric stenosis
Fredet Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

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