Stomach, Celiac Trunk, Liver, Gall Bladder, And Spleen

Question 1

What is rugae?

Answer 1

Storage units in stomach formed by muscularis mucosae

Question 2

What is chyme?

Answer 2

Semi fluid mixture digested with foot water and gastric juice to produce a creamy medium (chyme)

Question 3

What cause physical breakdown in the stomach?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle of the muscularis externa and HCl

Question 4

What cause chemical breakdown in the stomach?

Answer 4

Pepsin

Question 5

What regulates the movement of chyme into the small intestine?

Answer 5

The pyloric sphincter

Question 6

The mucosa layer of the stomach

Answer 6

The inner layer

Question 7

Mucosa layer contains what?

Answer 7

Gastric pits that penetrate deep into the layer forming ducts whose walls are lined with various gastric glands

Question 8

What are gastric pits?

Answer 8

Folds in the mucosa that penetrate deep into the layer

Question 9

What are gastric glands?

Answer 9

Various types of cells in the gastric pits

Question 10

What gastric cells secrete mucus?

Answer 10

Mucous surface cells and mucous neck cells

Question 11

What gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Answer 11

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Question 12

Which gastric glands secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase?

Answer 12

Chief (zymogenic) cells

Question 13

Which gastric glands secrete various hormones that diffuse into nearby blood vessels?

Answer 13

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 14

Where does the descending aorta become the abdominal aorta?

Answer 14

The aortic hiatus

Question 15

Where does the abdominal aorta terminate?

Answer 15

When it divides into the common iliac arteries

Question 16

Unpaired branches of Abdominal aorta

Answer 16

Celiac trunk
Superior mesentary artery
Inferior mesentary artery
Median sacral artery

Question 17

Paired branches of abdominal aorta

Answer 17

Inferior phrenic nerves 
Middle suprarenal arteries
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
Lumbar arteries

Question 18

Arteries of the celiac trunk

Answer 18

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

Question 19

Common hepatic artery branches into:

Answer 19

Proper hepatic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 20

Proper hepatic artery branches FROM and TO:

Answer 20

From:
Common hepatic artery

To:
Left hepatic artery
Right hepatic artery

Question 21

What artery supplies the gallbladder?

Answer 21

Cystic artery, from right hepatic artery (from common hepatic)

Question 22

Which artery supply blood to the stomach?

Answer 22

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Right gastric artery
Gastroduodenal artery

Question 23

Superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein form the….

Answer 23

Hepatic portal vein

Question 24

Which vein drains blood from the stomach, large intestine, and small intestine?

Answer 24

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 25

Which vein drains blood from stomach spleen and pancreas?

Answer 25

splenic vein

Question 26

Which vein drains blood from large intestine and rectum?

Answer 26

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 27

Which veins drain blood only from the stomach?

Answer 27

Left/right gastric vein

Question 28

What veins drain blood from the gall bladder?

Answer 28

Cystic vein

Question 29

On the inferior surface of the liver, blood enters through what structures?

Answer 29

Hepatic portal vein | Proper hepatic artery

Question 30

Hepatic portal vein does what?

Answer 30

Delivers DEOXYGENATED , nutrient rich blood to the liver 70% of blood

Question 31

What does the Proper Hepatic Artery do?

Answer 31

Delivers oxygenated blood to the liver. 30% of blood

Question 32

What are sinusoids?

Answer 32

Smaller branches of the hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic artery that assist in the mixing of deoxy and oxy blood in the liver

Question 33

What are Kupffer's cells?

Answer 33

Specialized cells in the sinusoids of the liver that phagocytize bacteria and other debris form the blood

Question 34

After blood is processed in the sinusoids, blood flows into the ____________ ______ then empty into the _______ ______ ______.

Answer 34

Hepatic veins Inferior vena cava

Question 35

Inferior vena cava is formed by the Union of :

Answer 35

The 2 common iliac veins

Question 36

How does the inferior vena cava get into the mediastinum?

Answer 36

Pierces the diaphragm at the level of T8

Question 37

role of the Inferior Vena Caval

Answer 37

To return venous blood form the lower half of the body to the heart

Question 38

Where is bile produces?

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

Where is bile stored?

Answer 39

Gall bladder

Question 40

Ph of bile?

Answer 40

Alkaline, ph 7.5-8.5

Question 41

Color of bile? Why?

Answer 41

Yellow/brown. Bilirubin is the primary bile pigment.

Question 42

What do you call the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and minions membranes?

Answer 42

Jaundice

Question 43

Why does the skin turn yellow during jaundice?

Answer 43

Buildup of bilirubin in the body

Question 44

In the liver, what happens to bilirubin?

Answer 44

It is processed and excreted into bile. That is, if it is reabsorbed and not defecated

Question 45

Which jaundice is due to excess production of bilirubin?

Answer 45

Prehepatic jaundice

Question 46

Which jaundice is due to blockage of bile drainage by gallstones or cancer of the bowel/pancreas?

Answer 46

ExtraHepatic jaundice

Question 47

Which jaundice is due to congenital liver diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, or hepatitis

Answer 47

Hepatic jaundice

Question 48

Which jaundice is due to newborns poorly functioning liver?

Answer 48

Neonatal (physiological) jaundice

Question 49

What cells produce the bile?

Answer 49

Hepatocytes

Question 50

Parts of the gallbladder?

Answer 50

Fundus, anterior rounded part Body, middle part Neck, narrow & tapered, becomes continuous with the cystic duct

Question 51

Layers of the gall bladder

Answer 51

``` Mucosa -epithelium -lamina propria -muscularis mucosae Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa ```

Question 52

What is the hilum of the spleen?

Answer 52

Where the splenic vein and splenic artery enter the spleen

Question 53

Area of the spleen

Answer 53

2 surfaces: diaphragmatic and visceral 2 borders/margins: superior and inferior 2 poles/extremities: anterior and posterior Hilum