Stomach & Liver (281-294) Flashcards
What are the layers of the scrotum and from where are they derived?;
Skin, Dartos fascia and muscle (continuation of deep fascia), External spermatic fascia (derived from external oblique aponeurosis), Cremaster fascia (derived from internal oblique aponeurosis), Internal spermatic fascia (Transversalis fascia), Tunica vaginalis, Tunica albuginea. (Some Damn Englishman Called It The Testes)
What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?;
Medial border- lacunar ligament. Lateral border- femoral vein. Anterior border- Inguinal ligament. Posterior border- pectineal ligament.
THINK LIGAMENTS
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?;
Superior- inguinal ligament. Lateral- medial border of sartorius muscle. Medial- medial border of the adductor longus muscle. Roof- fascia lata. Floor- pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus muscles
Name six differential diagnoses for swellings in the femoral triangle;
Femoral hernia, enlarged lymph nodes, saphenous varix, pseudoaneurysm, neuroma, soft tissue lumps- lipoma
What are the retroperitoneal and extraperitoneal structures in the abdomen?;
SAD PUCKER. Suprarenal (adrenal). Aorta. Duodenum (2nd/3rd parts). Pancreas (except tail). Ureters. Colon (ascending & descending). Kidneys. Esophagus. Rectum (lower 1/3rd).
Name some important anatomical structures that lie in the transpyloric plane.;
Bones- L1 vertebrae, 9th rib. Vessels- SMA origin, middle suprarenal artery, splenic vein joins SMV to form port vein. Organs (R to L)- fundus of gallbladder, hepatic flexure of colon, splenic flexure of colon, Duodenum 2nd part -> ampula of vater & sphicter of Odi, pylorus of stomach,head & neck of pancreas, hilum of spleen, upper pole of right kidney, hila of left kidney. Other- cisterna chyli
Name the parts of the stomach;
Cardia (superior opening of stomach), Fundus (superior and left of the cardia), body (central part), antrum and pylorus (connect stomach to duodenum)
Describe the blood supply to the stomach;
Left gastric (directly form coeliac trunk), Right gastric (branch of proper hepatic artery), Right gastroepiploic artery (terminal branch of gastroduodenal artery, which arise from the common hepatic artery), Left gastroepiploic artery (branch of splenic artery). Short gastric artery (branches of splenic artery)
What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?;
All drain to coeliac lymph nodes
Name the peritoneal ligaments of the stomach;
-Lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament [free border of lesser omentum which contains hepatic artery, portal vein & CBD - pringles manoeuvre]) [lesser omentum attach the stomach & duodenum to the liver],
-Gastrosplenic ligament,
-Greater omentum [hangs from greater curvature of stomach and attaches to the transverse colon]
What are embryological origins of the greater and lesser omentum?;
Ventral (front) mesentery- lesser omentum. Dorsal (back) mesentery- greater omental. (Think it twists clockwise)
Name the lobes and segments of the liver;
4 lobes- right, left, caudate (by IVC- so is posterior is looking from underneath) and quadrate (by gallbladder so is anterior if looking from under neath)
What are the ligaments of the liver?;
Falciform ligament (large ligament on top/front separating right and left lobes).
Ligamentum Teres/ Round ligament (inferior border (free edge) of falciform ligament on inferior surface of liver)
Ligament venosum (attached to left branch of portal vein within the porta hepatis).
Lesser omentum (hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament - liver to less curvature of stomach/duodenum)
What are the liver ligaments embryological origins?;
Falciform ligament (remnant of the embryonic ventral mesentery).
Ligamentum Teres/ Round ligament (remnant of umbilical vein).
Ligamentum venosum (remnant of ductus venosus).
Lesser omentum (ventral mesentery)
