STONE CONSERVATION Flashcards
(38 cards)
Introduced the Stone Building and Common Philippine Stone and Masonry Materials
Jesuit Fr. Antonio Sedeño (1950)
Who brought chinese laborers with him to build his house? (The first stone structure in Manila)
Bishop Domingo de Salazar
Types of Stones commonly used in historic buildings:
1) Volcanic Tuff
2) Adobe
3) Limestone
4) Riverstones
5) Kilns or Hornos
A rock made of volcanic ash (ejected during volcanic eruption)
Volcanic Tuff
A building material made from earth (an organic material)
Adobe
Composed of skeletal fragments of marine organisms (coral, forams, and molluscs).
Limestone
Binding Medium
- Wood Sap
- Egg Whites
- Blood
- Honey
- Gum Arabic
Where the bricks are fired
Kilns or Hornos
Causes of Stone Deterioration:
1) Mechanical Weathering
2) Chemical Weathering
3) Biogenic Weathering
Caused by vibrations, material expansion, temperature changes, ground movements
Mechanical Weathering
Reactions to processes (Oxidation, Chemical dissolution)
Chemical Weathering
Macroscopic Deterioration of Stone Objects:
1) Surface Deposits (accumulation of foreign material)
2) Stone Surface Condition
3) Structural Condition
SURFACE DEPOSITS (6)
1) Dark Deposits
2) Calcareous Concretions
3) Efflorescence
4) Animal Droppings
5) Vegetation Growth
6) Staining
Soiling, compact black deposits, dendrite black crusts
Dark Deposits
Limited size and isometric form
Calcareous Concretions
Crystalline
Efflorescence
Waste droppingd from animals (Birds & Bats)
Animal Droppings
Growth of moss, fungi, algae, and etc.
Vegetation Growth
Discolorations on the surface
Staining
Stone Surface Condition
- Alveolar Decay
- Pitting
- Pulverization
- Desegregation
- Blistering
- Deformation
- Detachment
Discoloration in highly porous materials (cavities)
Alveolar Decay
The formation of numerous punctiform of small holes
Pitting
Material is reduced in powder form
Pulverization
Rough stone surface
Desegregation
