Stones Flashcards
(13 cards)
1
Q
Hexagonal Stone:
A
Cystine
2
Q
Coffin-shape Stone:
A
Struvite
3
Q
Stone types:
A
- Calcium Oxalate
- Calcium Phosphate
- Uric acid
- Struvite
- Cystine
4
Q
Calcium Ox/Phosphate:
A
- Most common
- Hypercalcemia
- Idiopathic Hypercalciuria is most common cause
- Hydrochlorothiazide -> decrease calcium in urine
5
Q
Uric Acid:
A
- Radiolucent not visible on X-ray
- Hot arid climates, acidic pH, low urine volume
- Gout -> hyperuricemia
- Alkalinization of urine
6
Q
Cysteine:
A
- Seen in children
- Cystinuria -> not absorbing cysteine
- Staghorn caliculus
- Alkalinization and hydration
7
Q
Struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate):
A
- Seen in adults
- Urease positive organism infection
- Form Staghorn stones
8
Q
Gold Standard imaging study:
A
- NON-CONTRAST CT
- can see uric acid stones
9
Q
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy:
A
- Best tolerated
- Proximal stones
10
Q
Ureterososcopy:
A
- Distal stones
- Radiolucent stones
- Not for large stones
11
Q
PCNL:
A
-Complicated stones
12
Q
Dietary Changes:
A
- Increased fluids
- Low salt
- Normal calcium
- Low oxalate (spinach and teas)
- Low animal protein
- Normal vitamin C
13
Q
Treatments:
A
- Hypercalciuria -> thiazides
- Uric Acid -> Urinary alkalinization
