Storage and Retrieval of Genetic Information Flashcards
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA->RNA->Protein
The directional flow of genetic information that includes DNA replication, transcription and translation.
What are the 2 differences between RNA and DNA?
- RNA has OH at C2, DNA has H.
* RNA uses uracil, DNA uses thymine.
Why is RNA less stable than DNA?
In aqueous conditions in the cell, the hydroxyl group at C2 makes RNA more susceptible to hydrolysis.
Which bonds are between base pairs?
H bonds.
Give two examples of gene regulatory elements.
Promoter and enhancer elements.
Which process involves removing introns from primary RNA?
Splicing.
What is a DNA polymorpism?
Any difference in the nucleotide sequence between individuals.
Where are repeat elements derived from?
Derived from viruses.
What are the basic building blocks for DNA synthesis?
Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)
In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesise DNA? What about RNA polymerase?
From 5’ to 3’ (triphosphate to hydroxyl).
Same for RNA.
What are the 3 requirements for DNA synthesis?
- dNTPs
- Template strand
- RNA primer
What are okazaki fragments?
Short sequences of DNA which are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand and later linked together.
Which enzymes links okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase.
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading?
DNA polymerase
What is the function of a spliceosome?
To remove introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA to form mature RNA.
