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LF Assessment > STP > Flashcards

STP Flashcards

1
Q

According to STP - What are the 3 golden rules to follow when applying foam?

A
  1. Do not start to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
  2. Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced
  3. You cannot mix different foam concentrates
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2
Q

According to STP - List 3 hazards / considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire?

A
  1. CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
  2. Slug flow – When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch.
  3. Does not contain enough water for internal attack.
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3
Q

According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved?

A
  1. Only enter vapour cloud under protection of water spray
  2. Have a back up crew with charged hose line to protect the forward crew in case of fire.
  3. If ice has formed a seal, don’t wash away with water spray.
  4. Disperse vapour clouds with water spray.
  5. Liquid LPG will cause frostbite/freeze burn, protect hands with thermal gloves.
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4
Q

According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

A

The explosion can occur up to 24 hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled.

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5
Q

According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?

A

B - SAHF

Building - Smoke, air track, heat and flame

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6
Q

According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

A
  1. StayLow Staylowforgreatervisibility,to absorblessthermalenergy,forstability,andtohavegreaterchanceoflocatingcasualties.
    2.GasCool Gascoolinordertodilutethehotsmokeandfiregasesandremovethemfromtheirflammablerange. ReducingthelikelihoodofFireGasIgnition
  2. ControltheFlowPath Bycontrollingtheflowpathwedenyaventilatedfirewhatitrequires,weslowthefiresgrowth.
    4.PutWaterontheFire Byputtingwateronthefireassoonaspossibleandextinguishingthefire,everythinggetsbetter.
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7
Q

According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

A

Traditional ‘s’ lay or cleveland load

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8
Q

According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.

A

The Class of building is a measure of the building’s likely:
 use
 fire load
 population
 mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert.

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9
Q

As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

A

Summary of Observations & Firefighters Actions (SOFA) Report

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10
Q

STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.

A

Fuel Controlled

In this initial phase of fire development the fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment. ie. The size, shape or number of
openings.

If we continue to add fuel the fire will grow in size. If we remove fuel, the fire will decrease in size.

Therefore fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be Fuel Controlled.

Ventilation Controlled

Most structure fires will reach a stage where fire development and the Heat Release Rate (HRR) is now dictated by the availability of oxygen.

This occurs during a fully developed fire when the fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment.

It will also occur prior to this if the enclosure has insufficient openings.

Simply put, fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply.

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11
Q

STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

A

In multi-storey buildings, search priority should be
given to:
* The fire floor
* The floor above and
* The top floor

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12
Q

STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?

A

Mayday message

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13
Q

According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

A

IMS is required at all FRNSW incidents

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14
Q

According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.

A
  1. Deployment
  2. Command
  3. Situation evaluation
  4. Incident action planning
  5. Incident communications
  6. Incident structure
  7. Review and revision
  8. Escalation and de-escalation
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15
Q

According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?

A

The Incident Commander(IC) must be the only person to deploy resources.

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16
Q

According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

A

Foam controls and extinguishes a fire by:

  • Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering)
  • Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting
  • Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition
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17
Q

According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?

A

ODOURLESS

COLOURLESS

HEAVIER THAN AIR

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18
Q

According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

A

BLEVE

BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOUR EXPLOSION

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19
Q

According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

A

Conduct a thermal check.
TIC, Infrared thermometer, wetting test

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20
Q

According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

A

Water - most suitable extinguishing agent

21
Q

According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.

A

Stage 1: Abuse factor - thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse
Stage 2: Off gas generation - occurs regardless of cell form factor
Stage 3: Smoke generation - catastrophic failure imminent
Stage 4: Fire generation - likelihood of propagation drastically increases

22
Q

According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

A

Yourself and other rescuers
Other persons not involved
Unfortunate persons involved

23
Q

According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?

A

PPE/C for fire protectionat an MVA:

  • One firefighter to wearfull structural turnoutPPC and SCBA
  • A manned line of 38mmhose charged to400kPa,pumpwithrecirculationvalve open.
  • If a fire occurs, charge to800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.
24
Q

According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

A

HOTS
- Heated or extremely low temperatures
- Oxygen deficient or enriched environment
- Toxic atmospheres
- Smoke

25
Q

According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?

A

Located:
- At EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset)
- Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone
- Within 4 m of exit on each storey
- Within emergency lift shafts
- Adjacent to FDCIE if remote from EICIE

EICIE- Emergency intercom control and indicating equipment
FDCIE- Fire Detection Control & Indicating Equipment

26
Q

According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.

A

(1) Main stop valve
(2) Test drain
(3) Sprinkler test facility
(4) Sprinkler alarm valve
(5) System pressure gauge
(6) Deluge valve
(7) Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

27
Q

According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.

A

Turning Off Power
- Firefighters can turn off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard

Isolating Power
- Energy Authority disconnect power from the network

28
Q

According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.

A
  1. On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so
  2. Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away
  3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch
  4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks:
    Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident
  5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power
29
Q

According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.

A

When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator- for example, an ES sticker- outside the switchboard. There should also be data sheets, or further information about this type of system.

30
Q

According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

A
  • Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
  • Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
    If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.
  • NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at completion of incident
31
Q

According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

A
  • Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
    -Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector
32
Q

According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

A

Level 2 PPE
Minimum
Multi-purpose helmet
Goggles
Multi-purpose Jacket
GP gloves Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack)
Duty wear trousers
FF boots
P2

33
Q

According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

A

Line defence- A line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.

Ember defence- An ember defence is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack.
It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur.

Backstop defence- A backstop defence is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire.
Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes.
After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire.

34
Q

As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

A

1:4, outlet 4 times larger than the inlet

35
Q

As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

A

The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door

36
Q

According to STP - What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

A
37
Q

According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

A
38
Q

According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

A

Accidental - Fire which starts accidently from human activity or influence.
Incendiary - Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act
Natural - Fire which starts by a natural act without and human influence
Undetermined - Fire where the cause cannot be identified

39
Q

According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?

A
  • Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
  • Notify SO/ Sector commander
  • Evacuate premises
  • Set up exclusion zone
  • Use appropriate water streams
40
Q

According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.

A

A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or thing
A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard

41
Q

According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.

A
  • Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
  • Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
  • Always having charged lines of hose
  • Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity
42
Q

According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

A

PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders.

43
Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

A

Inward Adze Roll
Fork Drive
Outward Adze (drive and steer)

44
Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?

A

Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry- Through a window, wait for keys etc. Conduct 360 of premises, trying all windows and doors.
Gap – Usually starting with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap. A second fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to “strike” Halligan tool to get a start.
Set – With a gap established between the door and frame (a wedge may be required), manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the Adze or fork end of the tool, depending on situation.
Force- Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. Two fire fighters may be required for some doors.
Control – Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.

45
Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

A

A casualty

46
Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

A

A primary search and a secondary search

47
Q

As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

A
  • Worsening fire/smoke conditions
  • Signs of structural collapse
  • Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
  • Emergency Radio Message signaling:
    o Loss of PAR
    o Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon
48
Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

A

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

49
Q

According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

A

Mayday drag

LF Assessment (9 decks)

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