Strange Situation

Question 1

Ainsworth procedure

Answer 1

Controlled/recorded observation in which the child and mother were observed interacting in 7 different scenarios.

Question 2

5 Behaviours observed

Answer 2

• Proximity seeking
• Reunion behaviour
• Exploration (secure base)
• Stranger anxiety
• Separation anxiety

Question 3

Ainsworth methodology steps

Answer 3

1. Mother and infant in unfamiliar room - infant encouraged to explore
2. Stranger enter room (interacts)
3. Caregiver leave room
4. Caregiver returns stranger leaves
5. Caregiver leaves - infant is alone
6. Stranger returns (interacts)
7. Caregiver returns and reunites with infant

Question 4

Ainsworth Conclusions

Answer 4

Found that there a 3 types of attachment types

Question 5

Attachment types

Answer 5

Insecure-avoidant
Secure
Insecure-resistant

Question 6

Insecure-avoidant (Type A)

Answer 6

Child explores freely and doesn’t show proximity/secure base behaviour. Displays no signs of distress when separated and little stranger anxiety. Doesn’t require comforting.

Question 7

Secure (Type B)

Answer 7

Explores happily and uses caregiver as secure base, shows moderate distress/ stranger anxiety, comforted when reunited with caregiver.

Question 8

Insecure-resistant

Answer 8

Explores less and seeks greater proximity, intensely distress/ great stranger anxiety, At reunion approaches caregiver but resists comfort.

Question 9

+ AO3s Ainsworth

Answer 9

High inter-rater reliability

Question 10

• AO3s Ainsworth

Answer 10

May be culture bound
Lacks ecological validity

Question 11

Who investigated cultural variation?

Answer 11

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Question 12

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg procedure

Answer 12

32 studies across 8 countries, data was meta analysed

Question 13

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg findings

Answer 13

Secure attachment was most common in all countries
Insecure resistant was the least common
Variations within countries was greater than variations between countries

Question 14

Takahashi

Answer 14

Carried out ss in Japan. No infants were IA. 32% were IR. This due to the collectivist culture. Some infants were so distressed the ss had to be stopped

Question 15

Grossman and Grossman

Answer 15

Caried out ss in Germany. More infants were IR than secure, this is due to the interpersonal distance children are raised with.

Question 16

AO3 Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 16

Missing continents, There is more than one culture per country for example Israel Kibbutz.