Strat and Tactics Flashcards
(188 cards)
1
Q
What are the five major subsystems of NIIMS?
A
ICS, Training, Qualification and Certification System, Publications management, Supporting technologies
2
Q
What are the functional areas of ICS?
A
Command, Operations, Logistics, Planning, and Finance/Administration.
3
Q
What advantage does using a branch instead of a group provide in ICS?
A
Allows the Branch Director to expand the branch without span of control concerns.
4
Q
What are the factors that indicate the need for written IAPs?
A
Multiple jurisdictions, long duration, multiple operational periods, activated ICS elements, required by agency policy, hazardous materials, special operations
5
Q
What is the acceptable spread of the span of control in the ICS?
A
Two to seven
6
Q
What factors influence the number of subordinates a person can effectively manage?
A
Training/experience level of subordinates, Complexity of the incident
7
Q
What is the difference in span of control between a fast-moving incident and a slower-moving operation?
A
Fast-moving incident requires tighter span of control, while slower-moving operation allows for more personnel
8
Q
What functions are not counted against the rule of five as reporting to a supervisor for span-of-control purposes?
A
Safety Officer, Liaison Officer, PIO, Rapid Intervention Crew, Staging Area Manager
9
Q
In what types of incidents can an incident base be implemented?
A
High-rise fires, hazardous materials incidents, wildland fires
10
Q
What is the difference between staging and an incident base?
A
Staging allows for rapid deployment within three minutes, while the incident base is a safe distance from the incident scene and units are not readily deployable
11
Q
What are the three methods for comprehensive resource management?
A
Single resources, task forces, and strike teams.
12
Q
What are the six components of NIMS?
A
Command and management, Preparedness, Resource management, Communications and information management, Supporting technologies, Ongoing management and maintenance
13
Q
What does ICS include?
A
Facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications
14
Q
What are MACS used for?
A
Higher-level resource management or information management in large-scale emergencies
15
Q
What are the primary functions of MACS?
A
Support incident management policies and priorities, facilitate logistics support and resource tracking, make resource allocation decisions, coordinate incident-related information
16
Q
What does MACS include?
A
Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) and Multi-agency Coordination Entities
17
Q
What is the function of EOCs?
A
Coordinate information and resources for incident activities
18
Q
Who has direct tactical and operational responsibility for incident management activities?
A
Incident Commander
19
Q
What does the Joint Information System (JIS) provide during an emergency?
A
Organized, integrated, and coordinated mechanism for providing information to the public
20
Q
What is the importance of the Public Information Officer (PIO) in an emergency?
A
Operating within the parameters established for the Joint Information System (JIS)
21
Q
What is an example of an incident that can be typically contained within an hour or two after resources arrive on scene?
A
Vehicle fire
22
Q
How long does it typically take to contain the incident in the control phase?
A
Within one operational period
23
Q
What needs to be completed for all incoming resources?
A
A documented operational briefing
24
Q
Give examples of incidents that may require a documented operational briefing.
A
Examples include a major structure fire, a multiple vehicle crash with multiple patients, an armed robbery, or a small hazmat spill.
25
What is a Type 2 incident?
Incident requiring response from outside the area
26
What is required for each operational period of a Type 2 incident?
Written IAP
27
What type of incidents typically involve the Agency Administrator?
Incidents of regional significance
28
Describe a Type 1 incident.
Most complex, requires national resources, activates all Command and General Staff positions
29
How many operations personnel often exceed per operational period?
500
30
What is the emergency operations center (EOC) used for?
Enhance emergency management functions and identify a meeting place/location.
31
When is a mobile EOC utilized?
When decision makers need to see the situation urgently
32
How often should contact lists be updated?
Every three months
33
How often should staff training be held?
Quarterly basis
34
How often should a full review of the EOP be scheduled?
Each year
35
What is the targeted goal for changeover?
30 minutes
36
Who is responsible for the management of emergency activities within its jurisdictional boundaries?
Local government
37
What is the role of the Emergency Program Manager in an EOC?
To make executive decisions and establish overall objectives and concept of operation
38
How is the Emergency Program Manager viewed in the EOC?
As the EOC commander
39
What is the advantage of the Incident Command System (ICS) structure?
Clarity of roles and functional integrity.
40
What is the disadvantage of an ICS structure in the EOC?
Potential confusion about authority.
41
Who is in charge of the EOC?
The Operations Manager
42
When are MAC Groups frequently defined geographically?
When an emergency crosses jurisdictional boundaries
43
What is a disadvantage of a MAC Group structure?
Lack of clearly defined, standardized relationships
44
What is the role of an EOC?
Hub for communications with different entities
45
What are the two basic requirements for communication at an EOC?
Interoperability and redundancy
46
What is a top priority for emergency providers in terms of communication?
Having a redundant system
47
What can help determine the recommended level of EOC activation?
Hazard analysis
48
What should deactivation levels be based on?
Current incident status and time required to complete objectives.
49
What is the most effective way to increase firefighter safety?
Utilization of an IMS.
50
What is unity of command?
No person reports to more than one person
51
What positions can be part of the command staff?
Safety, Public Information, Liaison Officer
52
What is one of the most important responsibilities of the Logistics and Finance Section Chief (LOFR)?
Coordinating the management of assisting or cooperating agencies.
53
How does the appointment of a LOFR benefit the incident?
It eliminates the desire of other agencies to set up separate CPs.
54
What is Level 1 Staging?
Having responding units go to predetermined sides of the fire building for coverage on all sides
55
Where should all other responding companies that have not received an assignment proceed?
Level 1 Staging
56
What should engine companies in Level 1 Staging do?
Secure water supply and notify IC
57
What determines the level of staging required?
Initial IC
58
What are some levels at which a branch can be utilized?
Functional, geographic, organizational
59
What are some examples of branches in incident management?
Fire Branch, Law Enforcement Branch, Public Works Branch
60
Who does the Branch Director report to?
Incident Commander
61
What are the specific responsibilities of a Branch Director?
Implementing IAP, coordinating activities, evaluating goals, informing supervisor, assigning specific tasks, resolving logistical problems
62
How many firefighters make up a crew?
Two to six
63
What is a typical arrangement for a strike team?
Five fully equipped and staffed engines with a chief officer as the Strike Team Leader
64
Who does the Strike Team Leader report to?
IC or Operations
65
What is a task force?
A group of resources with common communications and a leader
66
How many units should a task force not exceed?
Five
67
Who is responsible for the collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of the incident and the status of resources?
Planning Section Chief
68
What are the units within the Planning Section?
Resource Unit, Situation Unit, Documentation Unit, Demobilization Unit, and Technical Specialists
69
What are the three functional units in the Service Branch?
Communications, Medical, and Food
70
What is the Support Branch responsible for?
Providing personnel, equipment, and supplies
71
What are the three functional units in the Support Branch?
Supply, Facilities, and Ground Support
72
What is the responsibility of the Ground Support Unit?
Fueling, maintenance/repair, transportation, Incident Traffic Plan
73
What are the units included in Exam 11/27/2023 Finance/Administration?
Time Unit, Procurement Unit, Compensation and Claims Unit, Cost Unit
74
What does the Compensation and Claims Unit handle?
Management of compensation for injury and claims-related activities (other than injury) for an incident.
75
What is the role of the Cost Unit?
Collect cost data and provide cost-saving recommendations
76
What is a good time frame for required status reports during a fire?
10-minute intervals
77
What does an IAP provide?
Overall incident objectives
78
Who prepares written IAPs?
Planning Section
79
In which situations must IAPs be written?
Hazardous materials incidents and special operations
80
When should a written IAP be considered?
Multiple jurisdictions are involved in the response
81
What are some factors that may trigger the use of ICS organizational elements?
Long duration, multiple operational periods, hazardous materials, special operations
82
When are ICS Forms 201, 215, and 215A typically used?
As foundation pieces, not part of formal IAP
83
What forms are prepared by the Planning Section?
ICS Forms 202, 203, and 204
84
What forms are prepared by the Logistics Section?
Forms 205 and 206
85
What information is contained in ICS Form 205?
Designated radio frequencies for Dispatch, tactical, and support functions
86
What additional information may be listed in a Form 205A?
Methods of contact: radio frequency, phone, cell phone, or pager numbers of the essential individuals in the incident management organization
87
What is the purpose of the IAP?
Flexibility and scalability for decision making
88
Why might teams create a separate document called 205A?
To keep contact information from mass distribution
89
What is the Planning “P” used for?
Planning process and development of IAP
90
What are the nine steps in the operational planning period cycle?
IC/UC Develop/Update Objectives, Meeting Command and General Staff, Preparing for the Tactics Meeting, Tactics Meeting, Preparing for the Planning Meeting, Planning Meeting, IAP Prep and Approval, Operations Period Briefing, Execute Plan and Assess Progress
91
What are the two basic methods of decision making?
Classical method and Naturalistic/Recognition Prime/Cue-based method
92
What is the process of naturalistic decision making?
Extremely fast decisions based on experience and training level
93
What is the system used by most fire officers?
Naturalistic/Recognition Prime/Cue-based decision making
94
What is cue-based decision making?
The automatic association of past experiences with current developments
95
What is the classical method of decision making used for?
Training exercises, preplans, or unfamiliar cues
96
What are the five levels of command sequence?
Level 1: Incident Priorities; Level 2: Size-Up; Level 3: Strategy; Level 4: Tactics; Level 5: Tasks
97
When does size-up start?
Size-up starts in the preplanning stages.
98
How many of the seven strategic considerations will an initial responder typically deal with?
four. Rescue, exposures, confinement, ventilation
99
What is the next step after size-up?
Implementation of an incident management system
100
What are the five factors that CRM is based on?
Communications, Situational awareness, Decision making, Teamwork, Barriers
101
How much water is needed to drastically reduce interior temperatures in a fire room?
25 gallons from a straight stream
102
What is fire spread largely driven by?
Pressure
103
What is the first priority of the first hose-line?
Protect civilians exiting the building or in need of rescue
104
What is the first step in gaining control of the building?
Gaining control of the stairs
105
What should the second hose-line do if an offensive-exterior attack is initiated?
Prepare to enter and attack the fire on an offensive-interior attack
106
Why is a third hose-line taken to protect any secondary exits?
To ensure that anyone seeking escape via another exit will receive the protection of a hose-line.
107
What resources should respond to the rear of the fire building?
At least one engine and one ladder or truck company
108
What is the rule of thumb for hose-line pulled up the exterior of a building or up a stairwell?
One length for every three floors.
109
What is the requirement for hose-line laid on the stairs?
One length per floor and additional firefighters for advancement.
110
What should be done in large volume rooms?
Direct the water onto the burning material.
111
What is the rule for departments when more than two hose-lines are operating and there is an adequate hydrant system available?
Hose-lines should be supplied by more than one pumper
112
What is the primary goal of placing the first hose-line strategically?
Incident stabilization and property conservation
113
What determines the priority of hose-line placement if no life is endangered?
Value of the property
114
When is an operation considered complete for search and rescue?
After a thorough search is made of the exterior of the structure.
115
What equipment should each member of a search and rescue team carry?
Hand tool, light, portable radio, and a TIC.
116
Where should a ladder be placed for a firefighter to enter a window?
Alongside the window, about three rungs above the windowsill.
117
What type of doors usually open inward in living areas?
Bedroom doors, hotel room doors
118
What is the benefit of using the up and over method for ventilation on multistoried flat roof structures?
Efficiently ventilates multiple windows
119
In what type of buildings can the up and over method be used?
Town houses with restricted entry to the rear
120
What is the role of the first-arriving truck company or assigned engine company?
Raise ladder to roof
121
What should be the size of a ventilation hole on a small roof?
4 feet by 4 feet
122
What should be the size of a ventilation hole on a large roof?
8 feet by 12 feet
123
What are the most common types of hazards for firefighters on rooftops with solar panels?
Tripping and slipping
124
What optional component in a PV system could present an electrical shock hazard?
Battery storage system for nighttime use
125
How is hydraulic ventilation achieved?
Setting hose-lines with a nozzle on a fog pattern that covers about 90% of the window or door opening.
126
What is the minimum size requirement for fans used?
10,000 cubic feet per minute
127
What is the maximum size range for fans used?
20,000 cubic feet per minute
128
What are the common shapes of observation openings?
Kerf cut and triangular cut
129
What should be done once the trench is opened?
Monitor from above and below; keep a hose-line at both locations.
130
What are the primary causes of rekindles?
Incendiary fires and careless firefighting.
131
What are the most common methods of protecting steel?
Encasement, Sprayed-on protection, Membrane protection
132
What materials are used for encasement of steel?
Concrete, brick, terra cotta, plaster, or fire-rated drywall
133
What materials are used for sprayed-on protection?
Cementatious mixture, volcanic ash, and other coatings
134
What protection method depends on the quality of application and possible removal by other craftsmen?
Sprayed-on protection
135
What type of construction are concrete or concrete block buildings with a metal deck roof classified as?
Noncombustible/limited combustible construction
136
What is the main advantage of using steel bar joist construction?
Large, wide-open floor areas
137
When are lightweight building components especially dangerous?
During construction and demolition
138
What type of buildings are considered ordinary construction?
Buildings used for offices, retail sales, commercial occupancies, mixed occupancies, and dwelling units
139
How tall are ordinary buildings?
One to three stories tall
140
What is the maximum height of taller buildings of ordinary construction?
15 stories
141
What is the minimum depth of the exterior walls?
8 inches
142
What is the maximum thickness of walls in taller buildings?
30 inches
143
What are the materials used for the floor and roof in older construction?
1-inch-thick tongue-and-groove boards for the floor and 1- to 1¼-inch-thick planks for the roof
144
What is a fire-cut?
30-degree cut on each end of the joist
145
How long is the longer end of the fire-cut?
placed downward and rests in the bearing wall
146
What is the purpose of a fire-cut?
allows the floor to collapse without pushing the masonry wall outward
147
Why is the concept of installing a lintel or an arch beneficial to the building owner?
Exterior walls remain intact
148
What are lintels and arches typically made of?
Wood, steel, or masonry
149
What is the space called under the roof in a peaked building?
Attic
150
What is the space called under the roof in a flat-roofed building?
Cockloft
151
What type of doors must be used for door openings?
Self-closing fire doors
152
What are the two common truss configurations?
Flat and triangular-shaped
153
What is the minimum thickness required for columns?
Eight inches
154
What is the minimum thickness for girders that span the distance between the columns?
Six inches
155
What is the minimum thickness for the floor?
Three inches
156
What is the minimum thickness of the planks used in this construction?
Two inches
157
What can be used to span wider areas in frame row dwellings?
Lightweight trusses and wooden I-beams.
158
What is the weak point of brick veneer?
Attachment to wall studs
159
What are the parts of a truss?
Top and bottom chord and web members
160
What is another type of timber truss that utilizes lightweight components?
Parallel chord truss
161
What is the most important factor in determining whether a building will fail under fire conditions?
The roof of the structure
162
What should be noted if the roof consists of timber trusses?
Actual size of members and method of attachment
163
What are two examples of timber truss sizes and their attachments?
4x6 with steel attachments, or 12x16 with no steel
164
What is the major reason for truss failure?
Connection points
165
What size can timber trusses span?
Areas of 100 feet.
166
What is the spacing for timber trusses?
20 feet on center.
167
What is the best indicator of a fire's severity from the exterior of a building?
Volume, intensity, and color of the smoke
168
Which material is used for the top and bottom chords in a truss?
Wood
169
Which material is used for the web members in a truss?
Steel
170
What are gusset-less trusses primarily used to support?
Floors
171
How does doubling the width of a beam or truss without changing the depth affect its carrying capacity?
It doubles the carrying capacity.
172
What happens to the carrying capacity if the depth is doubled without an increase in width?
It is increased four times.
173
What are the different sizes of tiles that can be inserted into the metal grid work?
Two foot 3 two foot, two foot 3 four foot, or one foot 3 four foot
174
What are typical exterior wall collapse indicators?
Smoke showing through walls, Old wall cracks enlarging, New wall cracks, Fire showing through wall cracks, Bulging walls, Leaning walls, Failure of part of a wall, Visible spalling of a brick wall, Spalling of concrete and exposure of steel
175
What is a potential collapse indicator in a masonry wall?
Wall spreader
176
What causes plaster to slide off walls?
Twisting movement of the building
177
What is one precaution that can be taken during a welding operation?
Maintain a 35-foot area around the welding operation
178
How much water can a 1¾-inch hose-line deliver per minute?
Approximately 175 gallons
179
What does the dead load include?
Structural members, air-handling systems, plaster, paint, plumbing fixtures, electrical components
180
What is an example of dead load that might not have been originally designed for?
Billboards on a building's roof
181
What is a weight forced upon a building?
impact load
182
What is supported or hinged on one side?
lean-to collapse
183
How long can Benzene cause leukemia?
as little as six years
184
What antidote can be administered for known or suspected cyanide-poisoned patients?
hydroxocobalamin
185
What are the risks to firefighters classified as?
low, medium, or high
186
Who should perform a PAR at the scene?
the IC or his or her designate
187
When is the EAB depressed to sound a Mayday?
10 to 20 seconds
188
What is a measure of saturation in the blood in cases of nontraumatic injury?
carbon monoxide
