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Chemistry Paper 1 > Strcuture and Bonding > Flashcards

Strcuture and Bonding Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Whtat are the three strong chemical bonds?

A

Ionic, covalent and metallic

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2
Q

For ionic bonding the particles are …

A

Oppositely charged ions

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3
Q

For covalent bonding the particles are …

A

Atoms which share pairs of electrons

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4
Q

For metallic bonding the particles are …

A

Atoms which share delocalised electrons

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5
Q

Ionic bonding occurs in compounds formed from …

A

Metals combined with non-metals

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6
Q

Covalent bonding occurs in …

A

Most non-metallic elements and compounds of non-metals

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7
Q

Metallic bonding occurs in …

A

Metallic elements and alloys

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8
Q

The diagram for ionic bonding is …

A

Dot and Cross Diagram

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9
Q

Ionic bonding is the ——– of electrons

A

Transfer

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10
Q

Covalent bonding is the ——- of pairs of electrons

A

Sharing

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11
Q

Metal atoms —- electrons to become ———- charged ions

A

Lose
Positively

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12
Q

Non-metal atoms —- electrons to become ———- charged ions

A

Gain
Negatively

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13
Q

Which groups of metals undergo ionic bonding to achieve a full outer shell?

A

Groups 1 and 2
Groups 6 and 7

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14
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A giant structure of ions

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15
Q

How are ionic compounds held together?

A

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

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16
Q

Which ionic compound’s strcuture does this describe?
“Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions, and each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions”

A

Sodium chloride

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17
Q

Ionic compounds form a ——- structure

A

Giant ionic lattice

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18
Q

Make this molecular formula an empirical formula
“C2H4”

A

CH2

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19
Q

Covalently bonded substances have —– bonds

A

Strong

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20
Q

Covalently bonded substances may consist of —– molecules

A

Small

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21
Q

Polymers have very —– molecules

A

Large

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22
Q

Diamond and Silicon Dioxide are …

A

Giant covalent molecules

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23
Q

Diamond is formed from the element ——

A

Carbon

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24
Q

In diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to - other carbon atoms

A

4

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25
What are the properties of diamond?
Doesn't conduct electricity Very high melting point Very hard
26
Why can't diamond conduct electricity?
It has no free electrons to carry a charge because all outer electrons are in covalent bonds
27
Silicon dioxide can be referred. to as ------
Silica
28
What are the properties of silica?
Hard High melting point
29
What is silicon dioxide made up of?
Silicon and oxygen atoms covalently bonded
30
In silica, each silicon atom is bonded to - oxygen atoms
4
31
Try to draw dot and cross diagrams for the molecules of hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, ammonia and methane
...
32
The advantage of a dot and cross diagram is ...
It is very clear where the electrons are coming from
33
The disadvantage of a dot and cross diagram is ...
It doesn't show the shape of a molecule
34
2D stick diagrams are bad because ...
They do not show the shape of a molecule It is unknown which electron came from which atom
35
The advantage of a ball and stick diagram is ...
It allows us to clearly see the ions in three dimensions
36
A space filling diagram is good because ...
It more accurately shows how closely packed each ion is
37
Ball and stick diagrams, and space filling diagrams are misleading in regards to the ---- of a giant ionic lattice
Size
38
Metals consist of ----- ---------- of atoms arranged in a ------- pattern
Giant structures Regular
39
Outer shell electrons of metal atoms are -----------
Delocalised
40
Delocalised electrons are free ...
To move through the whole strcuture
41
Strong metallic bonds are formed from ...
The sharing of delocalised electrons
42
A delocalised electron is an electron that is not ...
Connected to a single atom or a covalent bond (free to move)
43
What are the limitations of the particle model?
There are no forces All particles are spheres All particles are solid
44
Give the 4 state symbols
s - solid l - liquid g - gas aq - aqueous
45
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when ... because ...
Melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move
46
The larger the molecule, the ------ the melting and boiling point
Higher
47
Atoms in polymers are linked with ...
Strong covalent bonds
48
Polymers are ----- at room temperature
Solids
49
The strucutre of a polymer is typically shown as a ...
Long chain
50
Diamond and graphite are forms of what?
Carbon
51
Graphene is ...
A single layer of graphite and has properties that make it useful in electronics and composites
52
What structure is diamond?
Giant covalent structure
53
In diamond, each carbon atom forms how many bonds?
Four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
54
In graphite, each carbon atom forms how many bonds
Three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms
55
What shaped rings are formed in graphite?
Hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between the layers
56
How many electrons are delocalised in graphite
One from every carbon atom
57
Definition of graphene
A single layer of graphite with useful properties for electronics and composites
58
What was the first fullerene to be discovered?
The buckminsterfullerene
59
What is a cylindrical fullerene?
A carbon nanotube (very high length to diameter ratio)
60
What are carbon nanotubes useful for?
Nanotechnology, electronics and materials
61
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
62
How does the size of a cube affect the surface area to volume ratio?
As the side length decreases, SA to volume ratio increases
63
How small is a nanometre?
1 x 10^-9 m
64
List of applications of nanoparticles
Medicine, electronics, cosmetics, sun creams, deodorants and catalysts
65
What is a disadvantage of nanoparticles?
They can interact wih cells inside our body that cause health problems

Chemistry Paper 1 (6 decks)

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