Streptococcus Flashcards by Gillian Charisse Abonal

Identify the bacteria:

gram (+), non-motile, capsulated
round to ovoid (0.6-1.0um diameter)
non-spore forming facultative anaerobe coccus in pairs/chains

Streptococcus

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Habitats of Streptococcus (2)

saprophytes in milk
parasites of mucous membranes

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Simple classification system of Streptococcus divided into 4 groups based on physiology

Sherman’s

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What are the 4 groups of Sherman’s Classification?

1.) Pyogenic
2.) Viridans
3.) Lactic
4.) Enterococcus

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Pathogenic species of Streptococcus belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification? From the word “pyo” which means pus.

Pyogenic

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Streptococcus that produce green hemolysis and are alpha hemolytic, belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

Viridans

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Streptococcus associated with milk belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

Lactic

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Streptococcus that are intestinal inhabitant
(entero) and are associated with diseases affecting the intestines, belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

Enterococcus

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Classification system of Streptococcus based on serologically active carbohydrate (C substance) which is antigenically different from one species to another therefore produce different antibodies

Lancefield Grouping

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How many groups are there in the Lancefield Grouping?

20 groups

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What are the 6 initial groups in the Lancefield Grouping?

A, B, C, D, E, and N

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What are the 14 eventually discovered other antibodies groups in the Lancefield Grouping?

F, G, H, K, L, M, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V

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Antigen that’s key marker of Streptococcus, it’s found in or around the cell wall, often with teichoic acids

C carbohydrate antigen (CHO or polysaccharide Ag)

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Teichoic acids are only found in gram (+) or gram (-) bacteria?

Gram-positive (+)

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What does fastidious mean?

requires nutritional requirement

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Identify the bacteria based on these cultural characteristics:

more fastidious organisms require enrichment with blood or serum
won’t grow on ordinary medium
small, delicate, translucent colonies (1mm diameter) smaller than Staph

Streptococcus

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Streptococcus grow well and is usually isolated from ____ producing lactic acid. It causes souring.

milk

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Virulence factors of Streptococcus (4)

1.) Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
2.) Protein M
3.) Lipoteichoic Acid
4.) Extracellular Products

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Virulence factor of Streptococcus that’s a cementing substance of tissues which cements the capsule to protect it from harmful substances and interfere in phagocytosis

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule

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Virulence factor of Streptococcus that produces type-specific immunity and
inhibits phagocytosis (kills phagocytes) immunotoxic effect on polymorphs and platelets

Protein M

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Virulence factor of Streptococcus that’s found in hair-like fimbriae responsible for attachment of streptococci to epithelial cells

Lipoteichoic Acid

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Extracellular Products that are virulence factors of Streptococcus

1.) Hemolysin
2.) Streptokinase
3.) DNAses
4.) Hyaluronidase
5.) NADases
6.) Proteinase

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Dominant virulence factors of Streptococcus (2)

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Protein M

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Extracellular product that destroys red blood cells

Hemolysin

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2 types of Hemolysin

Streptolysin O Streptolysin S

Antibodies to this oxygen sensitive hemolysin are good indicator of present/past infections as well as presence of pus infection with Streptococcus

Streptolysin O

Type of hemolysin that is peptide, non-antigenic, and extractable by serum

Streptolysin S

Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S produce what type of hemolysis which indicates that it's more pathogenic

Beta hemolysis

Both Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S are toxic for neutrophils and macrophages. True or False?

True

lysis/destroys fibrin

fibrinolysin

destroys protein material

protease

Extracellular product that activates plasminogen to plasmin leading to digestion of the fibrin clots which then leads to delayed healing process

Streptokinase

Extracellular product also known as Streptodornase that is an extracellular enzyme that assist in production of substrate for growth )enhances growth of organism so it's considered to be a virulence factor); reduces the viscosity of the fluid containing DNA (pus)

DNAses

Substrate of DNAses/Streptodornase

DNA

4 types of DNAses

A, B, C, and D

Extracellular product that is an enzyme which destroys hyaluronic acid and promotes spread of infection in tissues (since it dissolves cementing substance)

Hyaluronidase

Extracellular product that kill phagocytes produced by some Group A Streptococci

NADases

Extracellular product that has broad substrate specificity, produced by Group A Streptococci

Proteinase

What does CAMP Test stand for?

Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * long chains in secretions from infected udder * brick reddish growth on solid medium containing starch * CAMP test: synergistic hemolysis produced by sequential action of staphylococcal sphingomyelinase (B-toxin) and ceramide-binding protein (N-acyl sphingosine)

Streptococcus agalactiae

S. agalactiae can infect mammary glands of which animals?

cow, sheep, and goat

What part of the animal does S. agalactiae enter?

Teats

S. agalactiae spread through...? (3)

1.) milker’s hand 2.) contaminated milking machine 3.) mouth of calves

When S. agalactiae colonize mammary glands of an animal, what happens to the mammary glands?

inflammation and fibrosis of adjoining area

When an animal is infected with S. agalactiae, what happens to its milk?

* becomes alkaline * reduced, thin, and watery

WBC count of an animal infected with S. agalactiae?

exceeds 500,000/ml

Vaccination is an effective means of controlling S. agalactiae infection. True or False?

False not effective

How is S. agalactiae infection diagnosed? (2)

* direct smears * colony characteristics & biochemical test

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * acute, severe mastitis * Lancefield Group C * often produces distinct greenish discoloration

Streptococcus dysagalactiae

Infection of S. dysagalactiae is much less frequent than S. agalactiae. True or False?

True

S. dysagalactiae is known to produce what enzyme?

Hyaluronidase

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * normal commensal of skin, upper respiratory tract, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues of horses * closely related to S. equi and S.equisimilis * most common cause of wound infections in horse

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

S. zooepidemicus are secondary invader of viral infections in upper respiratory tract of foals. True or False?

True

S. zooepidemicus can cause what disease in cows?

Mastitis

S. zooepidemicus can cause what diseases in lambs? (3)

* Fibrinous Pleuritis * Pericarditis * Pneumonia

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * bovine mastitis * acute but mild * does not react in Lancefield Grouping

Streptococcus uberis

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * most frequent cause of suppurative arthritis in pigs * tonsillar tissues and draining lymph nodes * closely related to S. zooepidemicus

Streptococcus equisimilis

Suppurative arthritis in pigs caused by S. equisimilis show what clinical signs?

* lameness * swelling of joints * necrosis of joint surfaces

Vaccine against S. equisimilis shown to stimulate protective immunity. True or False?

True

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * strangles * long chains in exudates and fluid cultures * sometimes with definite capsular material * outer surface of organism with peach-fuzz like coating of protein under electron microscope

Streptococcus equi

Severe purulent infection of upper respiratory tract and draining lymph nodes in horses

Strangles

Identify the Streptococcus sp. based on these cultural & biochemical features: * colonies are matt or mucoid * matt colonies with irregular surface folding and look dried * O2 sensitive Streptolysin O-like hemolysin produces wide zone of B-hemolysis

Streptococcus equi

S. equi matt colonies with irregular surface folding and look dried due to what?

phage-controlled hyaluronidase action on hyaluronic acid capsule

S. equi carries what antigens? (2)

R antigen M antigen

Which antigen of S. equi is acid, heat, and trypsin resistant but pepsin sensitive, and cross-reacts with S. zooepidemicus?

R antigen

Which antigen of S. equi provides antiphagocytic action?

M antigen

S. equi is an obligate parasite of Equidae. True or False?

True

Route/portal of entry of S. equi? (2)

oral (ingestion most common) nasal (inhalation of infective droplets)

Incubation period of S. equi?

6 days - 3 weeks or more

Pathogenesis of S. equi? (4 steps)

1. epithelial cells of oropharynx 2. lesion interiorized 3. lymph drainage to submandibular & retropharyngeal lymph nodes 4. abscess formation

In S. equi infection, which factors are the complement-derived chemotactic factors that release and attract PMN cells?

factors C3a and C5a

Other virulence factors of S. equi that are responsible for high rate of intracellular survival? (2)

M protein Hyaluronic acid capsule

The following set of symptoms are caused by which Streptococcus sp.? * high fever & serous nasal discharge * mucopurulent * nasopharyngeal mucosa inflamed & small abscesses develop in lymphoid follicles of soft palate * submandibular & retropharyngeal lymph nodes * abscesses rupture in 1-2 weeks & animal recovers quickly & completely after drainage of purulent material

S. equi

Condition caused by S. equi characterized by formation of abscesses in thorax or abdomen and rupture results to death?

Bastard strangles

Complications caused by S. equi? (3)

1.) Laryngeal hemiplegia 2.) Guttural pouch empyema 3.) Purpura hemorrhagica (side effect of vaccination)

Is there vaccine against S. equi, Yes or No?

Yes immunity after recovery from first vaccination but can contract disease again

S. equi Diagnosis? (4)

1.) RIA 2.) ELISA 3.) Mouse protection test 4.) Gel diffusion precipitin test

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * cervical lymphadenitis * swine strangles * abscessation of mandibular, retropharyngeal, & parotid node (jowl abscessation) * group E

Streptococcus porcinus

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * meningitis & septicemia in young pigs * zoonotic * Lancefield Group D

Streptococcus suis

Identify the Streptococcus sp.: * mucous membranes of dogs & cats * metritis & vaginitis in bitches * Lancefield Group G

Streptococcus canis

Streptococcus sp. that is abundant in feces of horses?

Streptococcus equinus

Streptococcus sp. that has no pathogenic properties but omnipresent in milk, common milk-souring organism, and is short chains?

Streptococcus lactis

Streptococcus sp. that is always present in mouth & intestinal tract of cattle?

Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus Flashcards

(83 cards)