Stress Flashcards
1
Q
What is stress
A
Any condition that actually/potentially poses a serious challenge to the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis
2
Q
What are the different types of psychological stress
A
- Pain
- Fear
- Anxiety
3
Q
What are some physical conditions causing stress
A
- Dehydration
- Haemorrhage
- Infection
- Extreme temperatures
4
Q
What are some short term responses to stress
A
- Hypothalamus stimulates sympathetic pathways and adrenal glands in ‘fight or flight’ response
- Adrenal gland releases nor/adrenaline (80-90% adrenaline, 10-20% noradrenaline)
- Release of glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and mobilisation of free fatty acids is stimulated
- Noradrenaline increases HR and SV, and therefore CO₂
5
Q
What are the symptoms and treatment for phaeochromocytoma
A
- Hypertension
- Increased HR
- Increased blood glucose
- Increased sweating
- Surgical removal of adrenal gland
6
Q
What are the long term responses to stress
A
- Adrenal cortex releases cortisol
- Cortisol increases HR and BP
- Cortisol increases blood glucose
- Increases protein breakdown
- Released more in mornings and less in evenings
7
Q
How does fainting occur?
What is it triggered by?
A
- Loss of BP after fall in perfusion pressure to the brain
- Triggered by emotional stress, sight of blood
8
Q
How does Cushing’s disease occur
A
- Hypersecretion of cortisol
- May be caused by hypersecretion of ACTH
9
Q
What are symptoms of Cushing’s disease
A
- Moon face
- Increased BP
- Thin limbs
10
Q
What is treatment for Cushing’s disease
A
Surgical removal of tumour
11
Q
How does Addison’s disease occur
A
Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone
12
Q
What are the symptoms for Addison’s disease
A
- Decreased BP
- Hypoglycaemia
- Increased susceptibility to stress
13
Q
What is the treatment for Addison’s disease
A
Cortisol and/or aldosterone supplements
