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Stress & Adaptation > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

0
Q

What is stress?

A

A disturbance in a resins normal balanced state.

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1
Q

3 step physiological response to stress is… (Seyle) GAS

A
  1. Alarm - fight or flight
  2. Resistance/ adaptation - coping with the stressors
  3. Recovery or exhaustion
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2
Q

What are the differences between adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies?

A
  • Adaptive is making healthy choices to negate effects of stress.
  • Maladaptive are unhealthy choices that do not promote adaptation. Can relieve temporary anxiety but do not fix the problem. (Over-eating, over-working, over-sleeping.)
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3
Q

What is the difference between stressors, responses, and adaptation?

A

Stressors are the stimuli that one sees as a challenge and offsets equilibrium.

Responses are voluntary or involuntary actions that aim to restore equilibrium.

Adaptation is the change that takes place as a result of stress and coping.

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4
Q

Name and describe the first step of the General Adaptive Syndrome

A
  1. Alarm- fight or flight… Autonomic and endocrine systems effected.
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5
Q

Two phases of the Alarm Stage?

A

Shock- occurs when cerebrum receives stressor and activates endocrine and autonomic NS.

Counter shock- Changes produced in shock phase are reversed.

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6
Q

ACTH

A

Stims cortisol and aldosterone production

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7
Q

Cortisol

A

Spares glucose for brain.
Anti-inflammatory effect.
Uses fat and protein for E.

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8
Q

Aldosterone

A

Promotes fluid retention.
Kidneys absorb Na+.
Maintain blood volume and BP.

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9
Q

ADH

A

Increase tubule absorption.
Inches blood volume and BP.
Decreased urination.

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10
Q

Endorphins

A

Act like opiates to promote sense of well being and reduce pain.

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11
Q

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

A

Increases metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cell and muscle needs.

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12
Q

What does the Sympathetic NS do in the Alarm Stage?

A

Secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine from adrenal glands. This increases alertness.

Muscles contract and field of vision increases.

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13
Q

What is the second phase of the GAS.

A

Resistance– Coping with stressor.

Everything returns to normal. If that fails the third stage occurs.

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14
Q

What is the third stage of the GAS?

A

Exhaustion or Recovery.

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15
Q

The Local Adaptation Syndrome

A

Local response (tissue, body part, ect.)

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16
Q

What is the first part of the LAS?

A

Reflex pain response

17
Q

Second Stage: Inflammatory Stages….

A

Vascular
Cellular
Exudate formation
Healing

18
Q

What does hyperemia mean?

A

Increased blood flow to an area.

19
Q

How does Anxiety relate to stress?

A

It is the feeling that anticipates danger.

A vague uneasy feeling.

20
Q

How does fear relate to stress?

A

Feeling of dread toward identified danger threat or pain.
Fear is cognitive not emotional.
Fear is present.

21
Q

How does anger relate to stress.

A

Strong feeling of hostility or displeasure.

When stressors are not controlled this happens.

22
Q

What is AVOIDANCE

A

Unconsciously avoiding an event that sparks anxiety/ aggression.

-I can’t go to the party because I’m tired.

23
Q

What is COMPENSATION

A

To make up for perceived inadequacy one will put effort into or make a new trait better.

-boy wants to be famous ball player becomes great singer.

24
Q

What is CONVERSION?

A

Emotional problems are changed into physical symptoms with no basis. Disappear after threat is over.

Feeling back pain because life is rough

25
Q

What is DENIAL?

A

Unconscious act in which one transforms reality and ignores what’s really going on.

Usually first defense learned.

Alcohol states he can quit anytime he wants to.

26
Q

Displacement

A

“Kick the dog.”

Putting emotions or wishes onto a less perceived intimidating or powerful person or object.

27
Q

Dissociation

A

Painful events that are dissociated from the conscious mind.

Someone who was Sexually abused as a child talks about it as if it happened to a sibling.

28
Q

Identification

A

A person takes on other traits or personality of another person they respect or fear.

Children play mommy, fireman, or cop.

29
Q

Intellectualization

A

Cognitive reasoning that is used to block painful incident.

Husband dies… It’s better this was because he was in pain.

30
Q

Minimization

A

Not acknowledging ones own behavior making it less important.

It doesn’t matter how much I drink because I never drive when I’m drinking.

31
Q

Projection

A

Blaming others

I did badly on the exam because the prof makes me nervous.

32
Q

Rationalization

A

Using a logically sounding excuse to cover up or justify ones actions or ideas.

If I didn’t have to work I’d be a better wife.

33
Q

Reaction formation

A

A person shows the exact opposite trait than what they mean.

It’s OK you missed my party. When it’s not OK

34
Q

Regression

A

Resorting to a behavior used in an earlier stage of development, to overcome feeling of insecurity.

35
Q

Repression

A

Unconscious forgetting about painful past event.

Having no memory of child abuse as child.

36
Q

Restitution

A

Making amends for a perceived inappropriate behavior to sway guilt.

37
Q

Sublimation

A

Unacceptable drives traits or behaviors that are unconsciously diverted into socially accepted trait.

Anger expressed by aggression in sports.

38
Q

Somatization - disorder

A

Anxiety and emotions are converted into physical symptoms

39
Q

What is Crisis?

A

1) When an event completely changed someone’s equilibrium and perceives it as a threat
2) When coping methods are ineffective

40
Q

Stages of Crisis?

A

Precrisis-normal
Impact- when event occurs
Crisis- more anxiety, attempts to cope, denies loss of control
Adaptive- readapt to normal life
Post crisis- reflect, see positive impact.

41
Q

3 Approaches to coping….

A

Alter stressor
Adapt to stressor
Avoid stressor

Stress & Adaptation (1 decks)

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