Stress and Coping

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

an actual or alleged (thought) to the balance of homeostasis

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

the state of steady (balance) internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems

Question 3

stressors

Answer 3

physical, psychological, or social stimuli that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis;
something that causes stress;
can differ in strength scope, and duration

Question 4

distress

Answer 4

negative stress that causes anxiety and concern;
can be short term or long term, decreases performance, and is outside of an individual’s coping abilities

Question 5

eustress

Answer 5

positive stress that’s within an individual’s coping abilities;
feeling accomplished, excited, can be a motivator, and improve performance

Question 6

appraisal

Answer 6

a personal evaluation of the meaning of stress;
differs between individuals

Question 7

when does stress occur for a person?

Answer 7

when the person considers it as a threat and affects their coping capabilities (overwhelming)

Question 8

trauma

Answer 8

when symptoms of stress persist beyond the duration of stress

Question 9

acute stress

Answer 9

stress experienced on a daily basis from MINOR situations

Question 10

chronic stress

Answer 10

stress experienced on an ONGOING basis (typically >6 months)

Question 11

when does post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) begin?

Answer 11

when a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event and they respond with intense fear or feel helpless

Question 12

what’re the outcomes of PTSD?

Answer 12

anxiety can manifest into nightmares or emotional detachment, flashbacks, or recurrent recollection;
can turn into depression

Question 13

what’re some examples of events that can lead to PTSD? among whom is it most common?

Answer 13

motor vehicle accidents, natural disasters, violence;
military personnel, veterans, first responders, and health care providers

Question 14

secondary traumatic stress

Answer 14

the trauma a person experiences from witnessing suffering of others (often feel helpless in that moment)

Question 15

what are the outcomes of secondary traumatic stress?

Answer 15

it can result in intrusive symptoms like nightmares and anxiety;
people may want to avoid interactions, become restless, and develop relationship problems

Question 16

what is considered a component of compassion fatigue?

Answer 16

secondary traumatic stress

Question 17

where is secondary traumatic stress commonly seen?

Answer 17

health care providers and first responders

Question 18

crisis

Answer 18

occurs when coping mechanisms are ineffective (there’s no other option) and a change must be made

Question 19

developmental crisis

Answer 19

brought on by stress of a different developmental tasks as you get older;

Question 20

developmental crisis is also known as ____________.

Answer 20

maturational crisis

Question 21

when does developmental crisis usually occur?

Answer 21

when a person moves through different stages of life

Question 22

what are some examples of developmental crisis?

Answer 22

gaining independence as a young adult, marriage, children, leaving home

Question 23

situational crisis

Answer 23

external criss, typically unexpected life trauma (life altering)

Question 24

what are examples of situational crisis?

Answer 24

car crash, job changes

Question 25

adventitious crisis

Answer 25

occurs during a major national disaster, man-made disaster, crimes of violence

Question 26

adventitious crisis is also known as ________________.

Answer 26

events of disaster

Question 27

what are examples of adventitious crisis?

Answer 27

COVID, area experiencing wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.

Question 28

what are the 4 types of stress?

Answer 28

acute, chronic, PTSD, and secondary traumatic stress

Question 29

what are the 3 reactions to stress?

Answer 29

primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and coping

Question 30

primary appraisal

Answer 30

appraising the event in terms of its personal meaning (what it means to us and is it harmful or beneficial)

Question 31

what is the result of primary appraisal?

Answer 31

when a person identifies an event or circumstance as a harm, loss, threat, or challenge

Question 32

secondary appraisal

Answer 32

when a person considers available resources (support system) and coping strategies; happens at the same time as primary appraisal

Question 33

when does secondary appraisal occur?

Answer 33

when the events occurs and the demands exceed the person's ability to cope

Question 34

coping

Answer 34

cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage a stressor; unique for everyone and can be impacted by gals, beliefs, personal resources, cultural background, age, and types of stress experienced

Question 35

good coping mechanisms

Answer 35

mechanisms that take care of YOU. examples: exercising, therapy, counselor, spending time with family

Question 36

bad coping mechanisms

Answer 36

mechanisms that are not effective and can be destructive/harmful. examples: substance use, workaholic

Question 37

what are the 3 factors that influence stress and coping?

Answer 37

situational, maturational, and sociocultural

Question 38

what can affect how a person reacts to a stressor?

Answer 38

appraisal of stressors, the amount and type of social support, and coping strategies (all depend on previous life experiences)

Question 39

what 2 stressors place people at higher risk for prolonged stress?

Answer 39

situational and social

Question 40

situational factors

Answer 40

stressors in workplace, adjusting to new diagnosis

Question 41

maturational factors

Answer 41

stressors based on life stage; recall Erikson's developmetal theory; includes milestones such as starting a family and career, losing parents, seeing children leave home, and accepting physical aging

Question 42

sociocultural factors

Answer 42

environmental, social, and cultural stressors. examples: poverty, physical disability, social isolation

Question 43

general adaption syndrome (GAS)

Answer 43

a 3 stage reaction to stress; describes how our body reacts to stress physiologically

Question 44

what triggers general adaption syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 44

physical or physiological events (what we deem as stressful); pituitary gland initiates the GAS after encountering a physical demand

Question 45

what is the purpose of GAS?

Answer 45

body is trying to return to allostasis (a state of balance in our body) REMEMBER: homeostasis was already knocked out of whack due to stress, so the body is trying to return to its balance (allostasis)

Question 46

what are the 3 stages of GAS?

Answer 46

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 47

alarm stage

Answer 47

when the central nervous system is aroused by initially experiencing the stressor; body defenses are mobilized; "FIGHT, FLIGHT, or FREEZE"

Question 48

resistance stage

Answer 48

when the body stabilizes and responds to the stressor; when the body is compensating for the changes that occurred during alarm stage

Question 49

exhaustion stage

Answer 49

when stress was not alleviated from resistance stage; causes body to no longer compensate or adapt to the stressor; associated with physiological problems (chronic hypertension, depression, sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, other autoimmune issues)

Question 50

what stress response of the exhaustion stage directly influences the immune system?

Answer 50

immune response